Rio Bio 202 Exam 3
Alimentary organs (descending order) - answer mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach,
small intestine, large intestine
accessory organs - answer teeth, tongue, salivary glands, gallbladder, liver, pancreas
length of alimentary canal - answer30 feet in cadaver, shorter in living human because
of muscle tone
number of adult teeth - answer32
number of deciduous (baby) teeth - answer20
types of teeth - answermolar, premolar, canine, incisors.
hardest substance in the body - answerdentin
produce dentin - answerodontoblasts
three types of salivary glands - answerparotid glands, submandibular glands, sublingual
glands
parotid gland secretion - answerprimarily serous fluid (salivary amylase)
submandibular gland secretion - answermix of mucin and serous fluid
sublingual gland secretion - answerprimarily mucin
mucin function - answerbind and moisten food into a bolus
serous fluid/salivary amylase function - answerstarts digestion of starches
liver digestive function - answerproduces bile, which emulsifies fats in the duodenum
bile function - answeremulsifies fats creating a larger surface area and allowing
absorption
gallbladder function - answerholds and releases bile into the digestive tract when fatty
foods enter the duodenum.
jaundice - answeryellowing of the body tissues due to bile in the blood stream
, kupffer cells - answerspecial phagocytic cells that line liver sinusoids and remove debris
from blood.
hepatocytes - answerliver cells that absorb nutrients and oxygen, make bile.
flow of blood vs bile in liver - answeropposite directions
pancreas function - answersecretes ALKALINE fluid with hydrolytic enzymes into the
duodenum.
function of bicarbonate ion in pacreas - answerneutralizes acidic chyme entering the
duodenum, creating optimal pH for intestinal enzymes.
optimal stomach pH - answervery acidic
optimal small intestine pH - answerslightly alkaline
pharynx structure - answerouter circular and inner longitudinal muscle layers, friction
resistant mucosa (stratified squamous epithelium)
esophagus function - answersimply a passageway that used peristaltic motions to move
food to the stomach. no digestion or absorption.
esophagus structure - answer25 cm long, superiorly skeletal muscle, and then smooth
muscle. ends at the gastroesophageal sphincter
regions of the stomach (superior to inferior) - answercardiac, fundus, body, pyloric.
sphincter between stomach and small intestine - answerpyloric sphincter
stomach's concave surface - answerlesser curvature
stomach's convex surface - answergreater curvature
stomach function - answertemporary storage, area for mechanical and chemical
breakdown, creates chyme.
stomach structure - answerthird, obliquely oriented layer in the muscularis externa that
allows churning. glands secrete HCl and enzymes to breakdown food.
digestion location in the stomach - answerpyloric region
enzyme that digests protein in the stomach - answerpepsinogen
how does the stomach not digest itself? - answerit secretes a viscous mucous from
mucosal glands
Alimentary organs (descending order) - answer mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach,
small intestine, large intestine
accessory organs - answer teeth, tongue, salivary glands, gallbladder, liver, pancreas
length of alimentary canal - answer30 feet in cadaver, shorter in living human because
of muscle tone
number of adult teeth - answer32
number of deciduous (baby) teeth - answer20
types of teeth - answermolar, premolar, canine, incisors.
hardest substance in the body - answerdentin
produce dentin - answerodontoblasts
three types of salivary glands - answerparotid glands, submandibular glands, sublingual
glands
parotid gland secretion - answerprimarily serous fluid (salivary amylase)
submandibular gland secretion - answermix of mucin and serous fluid
sublingual gland secretion - answerprimarily mucin
mucin function - answerbind and moisten food into a bolus
serous fluid/salivary amylase function - answerstarts digestion of starches
liver digestive function - answerproduces bile, which emulsifies fats in the duodenum
bile function - answeremulsifies fats creating a larger surface area and allowing
absorption
gallbladder function - answerholds and releases bile into the digestive tract when fatty
foods enter the duodenum.
jaundice - answeryellowing of the body tissues due to bile in the blood stream
, kupffer cells - answerspecial phagocytic cells that line liver sinusoids and remove debris
from blood.
hepatocytes - answerliver cells that absorb nutrients and oxygen, make bile.
flow of blood vs bile in liver - answeropposite directions
pancreas function - answersecretes ALKALINE fluid with hydrolytic enzymes into the
duodenum.
function of bicarbonate ion in pacreas - answerneutralizes acidic chyme entering the
duodenum, creating optimal pH for intestinal enzymes.
optimal stomach pH - answervery acidic
optimal small intestine pH - answerslightly alkaline
pharynx structure - answerouter circular and inner longitudinal muscle layers, friction
resistant mucosa (stratified squamous epithelium)
esophagus function - answersimply a passageway that used peristaltic motions to move
food to the stomach. no digestion or absorption.
esophagus structure - answer25 cm long, superiorly skeletal muscle, and then smooth
muscle. ends at the gastroesophageal sphincter
regions of the stomach (superior to inferior) - answercardiac, fundus, body, pyloric.
sphincter between stomach and small intestine - answerpyloric sphincter
stomach's concave surface - answerlesser curvature
stomach's convex surface - answergreater curvature
stomach function - answertemporary storage, area for mechanical and chemical
breakdown, creates chyme.
stomach structure - answerthird, obliquely oriented layer in the muscularis externa that
allows churning. glands secrete HCl and enzymes to breakdown food.
digestion location in the stomach - answerpyloric region
enzyme that digests protein in the stomach - answerpepsinogen
how does the stomach not digest itself? - answerit secretes a viscous mucous from
mucosal glands
