NURSING SKILLS EXAM 3 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

NURSING SKILLS EXAM 3 STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
FactorsA2affectingA2metabolismA2-A2Ans--liverA2function,A2healthy/diseaseA2status,A2first-
passA2effect

first-passA2effectA2-A2Ans--
TheA2initialA2metabolismA2inA2theA2liverA2ofA2aA2drugA2absorbedA2fromA2theA2gastrointestin
alA2tractA2beforeA2theA2drugA2reachesA2systemicA2circulationA2throughA2theA2bloodstream.

liverA2-A2Ans--localizationA2ofA2drugsA2forA2metabolism

kidneysA2-A2Ans--primaryA2siteA2ofA2excretion

enterohepaticA2recirculationA2-A2Ans--
aA2cycleA2inA2whichA2drugsA2inA2theA2liverA2areA2takenA2upA2intoA2bile,A2secretedA2backA2int
oA2theA2smallA2intestineA2andA2thenA2reabsorbedA2backA2intoA2theA2portalA2bloodA2whichA2r
eturnsA2toA2theA2liver.A2DeceasedA2cardiacA2outputA2(shock),A2hypoventilationA2(whenA2inA
2pain)A2canA2prolongA2theA2periodA2ofA2timeA2forA2drugA2elimination


onsetA2ofA2actionA2-A2Ans--
timeA2neededA2forA2drugA2concentrationA2toA2reachA2aA2highA2enoughA2levelA2forA2effectsA2
toA2appear

peakA2actionA2-A2Ans--
whenA2theA2concentrationA2ofA2medicationA2isA2highestA2inA2theA2blood

durationA2ofA2actionA2-A2Ans--
theA2periodA2ofA2timeA2inA2whichA2theA2medicationA2hasA2aA2pharmacologicalA2effect

therapeuticA2levelA2-A2Ans--
theA2concentrationA2ofA2aA2drugA2inA2theA2bloodA2serumA2thatA2producesA2theA2desiredA2ef
fectA2withoutA2toxicity

therapeuticA2rangeA2-A2Ans--
theA2rangeA2ofA2therapeuticA2concentrations.A2AtA2onsetA2ofA2action,A2serumA2drugA2levelA
2isA2minimal


throughA2levelA2-A2Ans--
occursA2whenA2theA2drugA2isA2atA2itsA2lowestA2concentration,A2rightA2beforeA2nextA2doseA2i
sA2due

absorptionA2inA2olderA2adultsA2-A2Ans---A2proteinA2bindingA2mayA2beA2aA2problem
-A2greaterA2levelA2ofA2toxicityA2becauseA2ofA2lowA2albuminA2levels

,-A2higherA2waterA2contentA2thanA2adults,A2thusA2water-
solubleA2drugsA2areA2lessA2concentratedA2inA2childrenA2andA2fat-
solubleA2drugsA2areA2moreA2highlyA2concentrated

primaryA2orA2therapeuticA2effectsA2-A2Ans--
medicinalA2effectsA2thatA2areA2predicted,A2intendedA2andA2desired

secondaryA2affectsA2-A2Ans--medicinalA2effectsA2thatA2areA2unintended,A2nonA2therapeutic

palliativeA2effectsA2-A2Ans--
effectsA2ofA2medicationsA2thatA2reliveA2signsA2andA2symptomsA2ofA2aA2disease,A2butA2have
A2noA2effectA2onA2theA2diseaseA2itself


palliativeA2effectsA2extra?A2-A2Ans---A2exaggeratedA2inA2infants
-A2moreA2completeA2topicalA2absorption
-A2enteralA2routeA2unpredictable
-A2parentalA2routeA2unpredictable(decreasedA2muscleA2tone)
-A2delayedA2butA2moreA2complete
-
A2absorptionA2ofA2medsA2inA2acidicA2environmentsA2delayedA2byA2deg=creasedA2gastricA2
pH

medsA2inA2acidcA2enviromentsA2-A2Ans--absorbA2moreA2slowlyA2(gastricA2pHA2isA2higher)

drugsA2remainA2inA2systemA2longer,A2allowingA2forA2moreA2absorptionA2dueA2toA2-A2Ans--
decreasedA2intestinalA2motility

fourA2pharmacokineticA2processesA2-A2Ans--1.A2absorption
2.A2distribution
3.A2metabolism
4.A2excretion

riskA2factorsA2forA2adverseA2drugA2reactionsA2-A2Ans--
1.A2receivingA2treatmentA2fromA22A2orA2moreA2providersA2atA2once
2.A2concurrentA2illnesses
3.A2impairedA2hepaticA2orA2renalA2function
4.A2polypharmacy
5.A2takingA2aA2drugA2inconsistently
6.A2confusion/cognitiveA2impairment
7.A2historyA2ofA2allergy/adverseA2drugA2reaction
8.A2longA2termA2useA2ofA2aA2drug
9.A2veryA2oldA2orA2veryA2youngA2age
10.A2obesityA2orA2extremeA2thinness
11.A2dehydration

, allergicA2reactionA2-A2Ans--
AnA2immunologicA2hypersensitivityA2reactionA2resultingA2fromA2theA2unusualA2sensitivityA2
ofA2aA2patientA2toA2aA2particularA2medication;A2aA2typeA2ofA2adverseA2drugA2event.

anaphylacticA2reactionA2-A2Ans--severe,A2oftenA2life-threateningA2allergicA2reaction

idiosyncraticA2reactionA2-A2Ans--
anA2unexpectedA2reactionA2toA2aA2drugA2thatA2isA2peculiarA2toA2theA2individual

drugA2interactionA2-A2Ans--
whenA2oneA2drugA2altersA2orA2modifiesA2theA2actionA2ofA2another

antagonisticA2drugA2relationshipA2-A2Ans--
whenA2oneA2drugA2interferesA2withA2theA2actionsA2ofA2anotherA2andA2decreasesA2theA2resu
ltantA2drugA2effect

synergisticA2effectA2-A2Ans--
interactionA2ofA2twoA2orA2moreA2medicinesA2thatA2resultsA2inA2aA2greaterA2effectA2thanA2wh
enA2theA2medicinesA2areA2takenA2alone

drugA2incompatibilitiesA2-A2Ans--
WhenA2multipleA2drugsA2areA2mixedA2togetherA2causingA2aA2chemicalA2deteriorationA2ofA2
oneA2orA2bothA2drugs

drugA2interactionsA2withA2foodA2-A2Ans---
HighA2fatA2foodsA2andA2lowA2fiberA2foodsA2canA2delayA2stomachA2emptyingA2andA2drugA2a
bsorptionA2byA2upA2toA2twoA2hours
-AcidicA2citrusA2fruitsA2andA2juicesA2enhanceA2absorptionA2ofA2iron
-CarbonatedA2softA2drinksA2canA2causeA2medicationsA2toA2dissolveA2faster
-DairyA2productsA2decreaseA2theA2absorptionA2ofA2theA2drugA2inA2theA2stomach

*ToleranceA2isA2aA2-A2Ans--decreasingA2responseA2toA2repeatedA2dosesA2ofA2medication

*DrugA2abuseA2isA2theA2-A2Ans--inappropriateA2intakeA2ofA2aA2substanceA2byA2amount

*DrugA2misuseA2isA2theA2-A2Ans--nonspecificA2orA2improperA2useA2ofA2drugs

MedicationA2ErrorA2PreventionA2TechnologiesA2include:A2-A2Ans--1.A2CPOE-
A2ComputerizedA2PrescriberA2OrderA2EntryA2(PreventsA2errorsA2inA2readingA2andA2transcri
bing
2.A2BarA2CodingA2Medications
3.A2IVA2SmartA2pumps
4.A2AutomatedA2DispensingA2Units

WhyA2DoA2MedicationA2ErrorsA2Occur?A2-A2Ans--1.LackA2ofA2knowledgeA2aboutA2drug
2.A2FaultyA2communicationA2(written/verbal)