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Watson's grand theory of caring
caring consists of 10 carative factors: forming humanistic-atruistic value systems, ,
instilling faith-hope, cultivating a sensitivity to self and others, developing a
helping-trust relationship, promoting an expression of feelings, using problem-
solving for decision-making, promoting teaching-learning, promoting a
supportive environment, assisting with gratification of human needs, and allowing
for existential-phenomenological forces. The first three factors form the
"philosophical foundation" for the science of caring, and the remaining seven
come from that foundation
Watson's theory
transpersonal relationship, not disease cure model
,Orem's grand theory
the basic premise of the model is that individuals can take responsibility for their
health and the health of other with help of the nurse
-widely applied nursing theory
- our job to help them reach best possible health
-tell them what to do
Orlando-Pelletier's theory
Deliberative nursing process theory
Deliberative nursing process theory
echoes martha roger's theory
The goal of this model is for a nurse to act deliberately rather than
automatically. This way, a nurse will have a meaning behind the action which
means the patient gets care geared specifically toward his or her needs at that
time. This nursing process is also one that can easily be adapted to different
patients with different problems, and can be stopped at anytime, depending on
the patient's progress or health. This makes Orlando's theory universal for the
nursing field
,Kolcaba's comfort theory
middle range
comfort is physical and mental
model looks like a web
In this theory, the role of a nurse is to assess a patient's comfort needs and create
a nursing care plan to meet those needs. As a patient's comfort needs change,
the nurse's interventions change, as well. Through this method, nurses are able to
ensure their patients are properly cared for, and that they are comfortable. If a
patient is comfortable, he or she will feel emotionally and mentally better, which
will aid in recovery
Erikson, Tomlin, Swain Modeling and role modeling theory
theory recognizes that every patient is unique and focuses on each patient
individually
model looks like a triangle
Theory draws on concepts from Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development,
Maslow's Theory of Hierarchy of Needs, Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Stages,
and Selye and Lazarus's General Adaptation Syndrome. This theory helps nurses
care for their patients by recognizing each individuals uniqueness, and
focusing on the individual patient's needs. It is also a self-care method of
nursing, which means it is based on the patient's perceptions of the environment,
and adapts based on individual stressors for that patient
, Levine's theory of conservation
help patients conserve their energy which will aid in healing
related to adaptation
In this model, the goal of nursing is to promote adaptation and maintain
wholeness using the principles of conservation. The model guides nurses to
focus on the influences and responses at the level of the organism. Nurses
accomplish the theory's goal through the conservation of energy, structure, and
personal and social integrity
Neuman's system model (grand theory)
model looks like a bullseye dart thing
stressors could be physical, social, or psychological
applies to practice theory because it lets nurse know when to use primary,
secondary, and tertiary preventions
Comprehensive, holistic, & system-based; flexible;
Focuses on patient responses to actual or potential environmental stressors &
use of primary, secondary, & tertiary nursing interventions to help patients get
healthy, stay healthy, and manage their health
--> stressors
meta ethics
study of the nature of moral reasoning and ethics