MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS 3RD EDITION
BUCKINGHAM TEST BANK EXAM PAPER
2026 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM Q&A STUDY
GUIDE
⩥ How do you perform restriction mapping? Answer: Cut DNA with
restriction enzyme, then cut with two restriction enzymes, then three and
so on you can use the size of the fragments to map where the cut sites
are located
⩥ Are restriction enzyme cuts unique to different strands of nucleic
acid? Answer: yes due to somatic differences in individuals, so fragment
analysis can be used for paternity or forensic profiling
⩥ star activity Answer: when REs are not always site-specific and cut at
an incorrect sequence. This error increases if the reaction proceeds for
too long or an incorrect buffer is used or organic solvents like ethanol
⩥ Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs) Answer:
Differences in DNA sequence on homologous chromosomes that can
result in different patterns of restriction fragment lengths (DNA
segments resulting from treatment with restriction enzymes).
, ⩥ CRISPR Answer: clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic
repeats are a class of repeated DNA throughout Archeae and
prokaryotes. a collection of DNA sequences that tells Cas9 exactly
where to cut
⩥ What is the difference between CRISPR/CAS9 system DNA cuts and
restriction enzyme? Answer: restriction enzymes cut at sites determined
by that enzymes recognition capabilities the 4-6 bp site. While
CRISPR/CAS9 cuts based off of RNA determined components which
can be manipulated
⩥ Cas9 Answer: RNA-guided DNA endonuclease enzyme associated
with the CRISPR, produces single strand breaks in DNA
⩥ crRNA Answer: CRISPR RNA, RNA derived from spacer element
that matches target DNA to cut
⩥ tracrRNA Answer: Trans Activating Crispr RNA, required for binding
to Cas9 protein
⩥ PAM Answer: Protospacer Adjacent Motif, necessary sequence found
adjacent to the protospacer in the target DNA, discriminates target from
self
BUCKINGHAM TEST BANK EXAM PAPER
2026 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM Q&A STUDY
GUIDE
⩥ How do you perform restriction mapping? Answer: Cut DNA with
restriction enzyme, then cut with two restriction enzymes, then three and
so on you can use the size of the fragments to map where the cut sites
are located
⩥ Are restriction enzyme cuts unique to different strands of nucleic
acid? Answer: yes due to somatic differences in individuals, so fragment
analysis can be used for paternity or forensic profiling
⩥ star activity Answer: when REs are not always site-specific and cut at
an incorrect sequence. This error increases if the reaction proceeds for
too long or an incorrect buffer is used or organic solvents like ethanol
⩥ Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs) Answer:
Differences in DNA sequence on homologous chromosomes that can
result in different patterns of restriction fragment lengths (DNA
segments resulting from treatment with restriction enzymes).
, ⩥ CRISPR Answer: clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic
repeats are a class of repeated DNA throughout Archeae and
prokaryotes. a collection of DNA sequences that tells Cas9 exactly
where to cut
⩥ What is the difference between CRISPR/CAS9 system DNA cuts and
restriction enzyme? Answer: restriction enzymes cut at sites determined
by that enzymes recognition capabilities the 4-6 bp site. While
CRISPR/CAS9 cuts based off of RNA determined components which
can be manipulated
⩥ Cas9 Answer: RNA-guided DNA endonuclease enzyme associated
with the CRISPR, produces single strand breaks in DNA
⩥ crRNA Answer: CRISPR RNA, RNA derived from spacer element
that matches target DNA to cut
⩥ tracrRNA Answer: Trans Activating Crispr RNA, required for binding
to Cas9 protein
⩥ PAM Answer: Protospacer Adjacent Motif, necessary sequence found
adjacent to the protospacer in the target DNA, discriminates target from
self
