CCNA COMPREHENSIVE FINAL SOLUTIONS
2026 GRADED A+
⫸ AAA Server. Answer: Server providing authentication,
authorization and accounting services
⫸ Access Control Entry (ACE). Answer: One line in an access
control list (ACL)
⫸ access interface. Answer: A LAN network design term that refers
to a switch interface connected to end-user devices
⫸ access layer. Answer: In a Campus LAN design, the switches that
connect directly to end-point devices
⫸ access link (WAN). Answer: A physical link between a service
provider and its customer
⫸ access rate. Answer: The speed at which bits are sent over an
access link
⫸ accounting. Answer: In security, the recording of access attempts
⫸ ACI. Answer: Application Centric Infrastructure
,⫸ ACL. Answer: Access Control List
⫸ Active Directory. Answer: A popular set of identity and directory
services from Microsoft, used in part to authenticate users
⫸ administrative distance. Answer: In Cisco routers, a means for one
router to choose between multiple routes to reach the same subnet
when those routes are learned by different routing protocols.
⫸ agent. Answer: Generally, an additional software process or
component running in a computing device for some specific purpose
⫸ agent-based architecture. Answer: An architecture that uses a
software agent inside the device being managed
⫸ agentless architecture. Answer: An architecture that does not need
a software agent
⫸ amplification attack. Answer: A reflection attack that leverages a
service on the reflector to generate and reflect huge volumes of reply
traffic to the victim
⫸ Ansible. Answer: A popular configuration management
application
,⫸ Ansible inventory. Answer: Device host names along with
information about each device
⫸ Ansible playbook. Answer: Files with actions and logic about
what Ansible should do
⫸ anti-replay. Answer: Preventing a man in the middle from copying
and later replaying the packets sent by a legitimate user, for the
purpose of appearing to be a legitimate user
⫸ antivirus. Answer: Software that monitors files transferred by any
means, to look for content that can be used to place a virus into the
computer
⫸ APIC. Answer: Application Policy Infrastructure Controller
⫸ APIC-EM. Answer: Application Policy Infrastructure Controller -
Enterprise Module
⫸ Application Centric Infrastructure (ACI). Answer: Cisco's data
center SDN solution
⫸ Application Policy Infrastructure Controller - Enterprise Module
(APIC-EM). Answer: The software that plays the role of controller in
an enterprise network of Cisco devices
, ⫸ application programming interface (API). Answer: A software
mechanism that enables software components to communicate with
each other
⫸ application signature. Answer: With Network Based Application
Recognition (NBAR), the definition of a combination of matchable
fields that identify as characteristics of a specific application
⫸ Application Visibility and Control (AVC). Answer: A firewall
device with advance features (IPS, malware detection, VPN
termination, etc.)
⫸ application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). Answer: An
integrated circuit (chip) designed for a specific purpose of application.
⫸ AR. Answer: Access Rate
⫸ ARP. Answer: Address Resolution Protocol. An internet protocol
used to map an IP address to a MAC address
⫸ ARP ACL. Answer: A configuration feature on Cisco LAN
switches that define MAC and IP that will be filtered
⫸ ARP Reply. Answer: An ARP message used to supply information
about an ARP request. A device providing its MAC address in reply to
a request
2026 GRADED A+
⫸ AAA Server. Answer: Server providing authentication,
authorization and accounting services
⫸ Access Control Entry (ACE). Answer: One line in an access
control list (ACL)
⫸ access interface. Answer: A LAN network design term that refers
to a switch interface connected to end-user devices
⫸ access layer. Answer: In a Campus LAN design, the switches that
connect directly to end-point devices
⫸ access link (WAN). Answer: A physical link between a service
provider and its customer
⫸ access rate. Answer: The speed at which bits are sent over an
access link
⫸ accounting. Answer: In security, the recording of access attempts
⫸ ACI. Answer: Application Centric Infrastructure
,⫸ ACL. Answer: Access Control List
⫸ Active Directory. Answer: A popular set of identity and directory
services from Microsoft, used in part to authenticate users
⫸ administrative distance. Answer: In Cisco routers, a means for one
router to choose between multiple routes to reach the same subnet
when those routes are learned by different routing protocols.
⫸ agent. Answer: Generally, an additional software process or
component running in a computing device for some specific purpose
⫸ agent-based architecture. Answer: An architecture that uses a
software agent inside the device being managed
⫸ agentless architecture. Answer: An architecture that does not need
a software agent
⫸ amplification attack. Answer: A reflection attack that leverages a
service on the reflector to generate and reflect huge volumes of reply
traffic to the victim
⫸ Ansible. Answer: A popular configuration management
application
,⫸ Ansible inventory. Answer: Device host names along with
information about each device
⫸ Ansible playbook. Answer: Files with actions and logic about
what Ansible should do
⫸ anti-replay. Answer: Preventing a man in the middle from copying
and later replaying the packets sent by a legitimate user, for the
purpose of appearing to be a legitimate user
⫸ antivirus. Answer: Software that monitors files transferred by any
means, to look for content that can be used to place a virus into the
computer
⫸ APIC. Answer: Application Policy Infrastructure Controller
⫸ APIC-EM. Answer: Application Policy Infrastructure Controller -
Enterprise Module
⫸ Application Centric Infrastructure (ACI). Answer: Cisco's data
center SDN solution
⫸ Application Policy Infrastructure Controller - Enterprise Module
(APIC-EM). Answer: The software that plays the role of controller in
an enterprise network of Cisco devices
, ⫸ application programming interface (API). Answer: A software
mechanism that enables software components to communicate with
each other
⫸ application signature. Answer: With Network Based Application
Recognition (NBAR), the definition of a combination of matchable
fields that identify as characteristics of a specific application
⫸ Application Visibility and Control (AVC). Answer: A firewall
device with advance features (IPS, malware detection, VPN
termination, etc.)
⫸ application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). Answer: An
integrated circuit (chip) designed for a specific purpose of application.
⫸ AR. Answer: Access Rate
⫸ ARP. Answer: Address Resolution Protocol. An internet protocol
used to map an IP address to a MAC address
⫸ ARP ACL. Answer: A configuration feature on Cisco LAN
switches that define MAC and IP that will be filtered
⫸ ARP Reply. Answer: An ARP message used to supply information
about an ARP request. A device providing its MAC address in reply to
a request
