TEXAS SCHOOL COUNSELOR Exam 252
Questions and Answers Latest 2026 Edition
100% Correct
Sig Freud's Stages of Psyco-Sexual Development
1. Oral: 0-1yo, everything goes into the mouth
2. Anal: 1-3yo, focus on potty training
3. Phallic: 3-6 yo, awareness of opposite sex
4. Latent: 6-11 yo, superego, delay gratification, friends are
important
5. Genital 11-18yo, puberty, sexuality
Sig Freud's Theory
3 parts of personality that drives behavior
1. ID: pleasure, principle, unconcerned with rationality
2. EGO: logical, stable, concerned with thoughts
3. SUPEREGO: antisocial behavior
Psychoanalytic Theory
factors that motivate behavior
Erik Erikson
humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows
how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by
a psychological crisis that involves confronting "Who am I?"
Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development
(1) Trust vs. Mistrust; HOPE 0-1.5
(2) Autonomy vs. Shame; WILL 1.5-3
(3) Initiative vs. Guilt; PURPOSE 3-5
(4) Industry vs. Inferiority; COMPETENCY 5-12
(5) Identity vs. Confusion; FIDELITY 12-18
(6) Intimacy vs. Isolation; LOVE 18-40
,(7) Generativity vs. Self-absorption; CARE 40-65
(8) Integrity vs. Despair. WISDOM 65+
Learning Theory
how behavior is learned (can be tested and applied, ignores
genetics)
Ivan Pavlov
discovered classical conditioning; trained dogs to salivate at the
ringing of a bell
B. F. Skinner
behaviorism; operant conditioning; behavior is based on an
organism's reinforcement history (environment).
Al Bandura
social learning theory (behavior and environment affect each
other, emphasis on observing ppl's behaviors)
cognitive development theory
children actively construct knowledge as they manipulate and
explore their world
cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
action therapy in which the goal is to help clients overcome
problems by learning to think more rationally and logically
(replace bad thinking)
problem focused approach
asking the student about their previous experiences to explore the
root of the problem
Solution Focused Therapy
Short-term, strengths-based treatment model that emphasizes
empowerment to allow client to take action him or herself
Describing the problem, Developing well-formulated goals, scaling
questions,
ABC model
Antecedent: trigger
Behavior: belief or thought behind feeling
Consequence: reaction
, client-centered therapy
a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the
therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a
genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients'
growth. (Also called person-centered therapy.)
humanistic
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow: convince students to uncover
their own hidden personal resources
Virgina Satir
family therapy
existential therapy
a therapy that encourages clients to accept responsibility for their
lives and to live with greater meaning and value
mindfulness counseling
becoming aware of feelings and thoughts
creative therapy
art, dance, music
narrative therapy
An approach to treatment that emphasizes the role of the stories
people construct about their experience.
Reality Therapy
a method of analysis developed by Glasser to help clients focus
on the present rather than past experiences, what they can and
can't control, take accountability, client focused
rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)
cognitive-behavioral therapy in which clients are directly
challenged in their irrational beliefs and helped to restructure their
thinking into more rational belief statements
Psychodrama
group therapy in which a patient expresses feelings by acting out
family and social roles with other patients
Satir Transformational Systemic Therapy
Questions and Answers Latest 2026 Edition
100% Correct
Sig Freud's Stages of Psyco-Sexual Development
1. Oral: 0-1yo, everything goes into the mouth
2. Anal: 1-3yo, focus on potty training
3. Phallic: 3-6 yo, awareness of opposite sex
4. Latent: 6-11 yo, superego, delay gratification, friends are
important
5. Genital 11-18yo, puberty, sexuality
Sig Freud's Theory
3 parts of personality that drives behavior
1. ID: pleasure, principle, unconcerned with rationality
2. EGO: logical, stable, concerned with thoughts
3. SUPEREGO: antisocial behavior
Psychoanalytic Theory
factors that motivate behavior
Erik Erikson
humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows
how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by
a psychological crisis that involves confronting "Who am I?"
Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development
(1) Trust vs. Mistrust; HOPE 0-1.5
(2) Autonomy vs. Shame; WILL 1.5-3
(3) Initiative vs. Guilt; PURPOSE 3-5
(4) Industry vs. Inferiority; COMPETENCY 5-12
(5) Identity vs. Confusion; FIDELITY 12-18
(6) Intimacy vs. Isolation; LOVE 18-40
,(7) Generativity vs. Self-absorption; CARE 40-65
(8) Integrity vs. Despair. WISDOM 65+
Learning Theory
how behavior is learned (can be tested and applied, ignores
genetics)
Ivan Pavlov
discovered classical conditioning; trained dogs to salivate at the
ringing of a bell
B. F. Skinner
behaviorism; operant conditioning; behavior is based on an
organism's reinforcement history (environment).
Al Bandura
social learning theory (behavior and environment affect each
other, emphasis on observing ppl's behaviors)
cognitive development theory
children actively construct knowledge as they manipulate and
explore their world
cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
action therapy in which the goal is to help clients overcome
problems by learning to think more rationally and logically
(replace bad thinking)
problem focused approach
asking the student about their previous experiences to explore the
root of the problem
Solution Focused Therapy
Short-term, strengths-based treatment model that emphasizes
empowerment to allow client to take action him or herself
Describing the problem, Developing well-formulated goals, scaling
questions,
ABC model
Antecedent: trigger
Behavior: belief or thought behind feeling
Consequence: reaction
, client-centered therapy
a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the
therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a
genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients'
growth. (Also called person-centered therapy.)
humanistic
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow: convince students to uncover
their own hidden personal resources
Virgina Satir
family therapy
existential therapy
a therapy that encourages clients to accept responsibility for their
lives and to live with greater meaning and value
mindfulness counseling
becoming aware of feelings and thoughts
creative therapy
art, dance, music
narrative therapy
An approach to treatment that emphasizes the role of the stories
people construct about their experience.
Reality Therapy
a method of analysis developed by Glasser to help clients focus
on the present rather than past experiences, what they can and
can't control, take accountability, client focused
rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)
cognitive-behavioral therapy in which clients are directly
challenged in their irrational beliefs and helped to restructure their
thinking into more rational belief statements
Psychodrama
group therapy in which a patient expresses feelings by acting out
family and social roles with other patients
Satir Transformational Systemic Therapy
