: Skills for Success
R EA D IN G A N D W R ITIN G
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m
• • • • •
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Q
M argot F. G ram er
Colin S. W ard
SERI ES CONSULTANTS
Marguerite Ann Snow
Lawrence J. Zwier
V O C A B U L A R Y CO N SU LTAN T
Cheryl Boyd Zimmerman
OXJORD
U N IV E R SIT Y PRESS
,O XFO RD Acknow ledgments
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Oxford U niversity Press in certain countries. University Press, 2008, as appeared in The Guardian, July 5,2009, www.
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© Oxford U niversity Press 2011
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,ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Authors
Margot F. Gramer holds an M .A. in TESOL fro m Teachers College, C olum bia
University. She has been involved in th e field o f ESL as a teacher, teach er-train er,
ad m in istra to r, w riter an d editor. She has tau g h t ESL for m a n y years at b o th the
college level a n d in business settings. She is th e au th o r o r co -a u th o r o f m an y ESL
textbooks. She is cu rren tly an In stru c to r at th e L anguage Im m ersio n P ro g ram
at N assau C o m m u n ity College (LINCC) in G ard en City, N ew York.
Colin S. Ward holds an M.A. in TESOL from th e U niversity o f L ondon. H e has
been teaching E nglish for nearly ten years. H is in terests include th e teach in g o f
second-language w ritin g a n d th e role o f tech n o lo g y in language learn in g . C olin
is a U.S.-U.K. F ulbright scholar an d th e au th o r o f several ESL textbooks.
ries Consultants
Marguerite Ann Snow holds a Ph.D. in Applied Linguistics from UCLA. She is a
professor in the C harter College of Education at California State University, Los Angeles
where she teaches in the TESOL M.A. program . She has published in TESOL Quarterly,
Applied Linguistics, and The M odern Language Journal. She has been a Fulbright scholar
in H ong Kong and Cyprus. In 2006, she received the President’s D istinguished Professor award
at Cal State L.A. In addition to working closely w ith ESL and m ainstream public school teachers
in the United States, she has trained EFL teachers in Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Egypt, Japan,
Morocco, Pakistan, Spain, and Turkey. H er m ain interests are integrated content and language
instruction, English for Academic Purposes, and standards for English teaching and learning.
Lawrence J. Zwier holds an M. A. in TESL from the University of M innesota. He is
currently the Associate D irector for C urriculum Development at the English Language
Center at M ichigan State University in East Lansing. He has taught ESL/EFL in the United
States, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Japan, and Singapore. He is a frequent TESOL conference
presenter and has published m any ESL/EFL books in the areas of test-preparation,
vocabulary, and reading, including Inside Reading 2 for Oxford University Press.
Vocabulary Consultant
Cheryl Boyd Zimmerman is associate professor of TESOL at California State
University, Fullerton. She specializes in second-language vocabulary acquisition,
an area in which she is widely published. She teaches graduate courses on second-
language acquisition, culture, vocabulary, and the fundam entals o f TESOL and is
a frequent invited speaker on topics related to vocabulary teaching and learning.
She is the author of Word Knowledge: A Vocabulary Teacher’s Handbook, and
Series D irector of Inside Reading, b oth published by O xford University Press.
iii
, We would like to acknowledge the advice of teachers from all over the world who participated in online
reviews, focus groups, and editorial reviews. We relied heavily on teacher input throughout the extensive
development process of the Q series, and many of the features in the series came directly from feedback
we gathered from teachers in the classroom. We are grateful to all who helped.
UNITED STATES Marcarena Aguilar, N orth H arris College, TX; Deborah Hostos C om m unity College, NY; Jim Ranalli, Iowa State University, IA; Toni
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iv ! Reviewers
R EA D IN G A N D W R ITIN G
• • • • • •
• • • • • • « « •
• • • • • • • •
m
• • • • •
• •
Q
M argot F. G ram er
Colin S. W ard
SERI ES CONSULTANTS
Marguerite Ann Snow
Lawrence J. Zwier
V O C A B U L A R Y CO N SU LTAN T
Cheryl Boyd Zimmerman
OXJORD
U N IV E R SIT Y PRESS
,O XFO RD Acknow ledgments
VN IVER SIT Y PRESS The publisher would like to thank the followingfor their permission to reproduce
copyrighted material: p. 54, “Practice Makes . . . Pain?” Weekly Reader Senior,
198 Madison Avenue May 5, 2006. Special perm ission granted by W eekly Reader, published
New York, NY 10016 USA and copyrighted by W eekly Reader Corporation. All rights reserved;
Great Clarendon Street, Oxford 0x 2 6dp UK p. 117, “Happiness Is in th e Shoes You W ear” from “Jesus Is a Brand o f Jeans”
Oxford U niversity Press is a departm ent o f th e University o f Oxford. by Jean Kilboume, New Internationalist, Septem ber 2006, Issue 393. Used w ith
It furthers th e University’s objective o f excellence in research, scholarship, kind perm ission o f New Internationalist. Copyright New Internationalist.
and education by publishing worldwide in www.new int.orp: p. 121, “In Defense o f Advertising” from The Age of
Persuasion, CBC Radio One, Terry O’Reilly and Mike Tennant. Used by
Oxford New York
perm ission; p. 137, from “Fear Factor: Success and Risk in Extrem e
Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Sports” by Brian H andwerk, National Geographic News, July 8, 2004,
Kuala Lumpur Madrid M elbourne Mexico City Nairobi http://new s.nationalgeographic.com . Used by perm ission o f National
New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto Geographic; p. 143, “The Climb of My Life” from The Climb of My Life:
W ith offices in Scaling Mountains with a Borrowed Heart by Kelly Perkins. Copyright
A rgentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece © 2007. Used by perm ission of Rowman & Littlefield Publishers; p. 189, from
Guatem ala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore “Money makes you happy—if you spend it on oth ers” by Carey Goldberg,
South Korea Sw itzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine V ietnam The Boston Globe, M arch 21, 2008. © 2008 The Boston Globe. All rights reserved;
o x f o r d an d o x f o r d E N G i i s H are registered tradem arks of
p. 206, from “2b or n ot 2b?” Txtng: The Gr8 Db8 by David Crystal, Oxford
Oxford U niversity Press in certain countries. University Press, 2008, as appeared in The Guardian, July 5,2009, www.
pnardian.co.uk. Used by perm ission o f Oxford University Press.
© Oxford U niversity Press 2011
The publishers would like to thank the followingfor their kind permission to reproduce
Database rig h t Oxford University Press (maker) photographs: Cover Yukmin/Asia Images/Getty Images; Jupiter Images/
No unauthorized photocopying. W orkbook Stock/Getty Images; David Anderson/iStockphoto;
4x6/iStockphoto; Kuzma/iStockphoto; TrapdoorMedia/iStockphoto;
All rights reserved. No p art of this publication m ay be reproduced,
vi. M arcin Krygier/iStockphoto; xii. Rustem GURLER/iStockphoto; p. 2 Chris
stored in a retrieval system, or transm itted, in any form or by any m eans,
Ryan/OJO Images/Getty Images; p. 4 Blend Images/Alamy (office); p. 4 Kevin
w ith o u t th e prio r perm ission in w riting o f Oxford University Press,
Dodge/Corbis UK Ltd. (cafe); p. 6 The Image Banlc/Getty Images; p. 7 Joseph C.
or as expressly p erm itted by law, or u n d er term s agreed w ith the appropriate
Justice Jr./iStockphoto; p. 12 Comstock Images/Getty Images; p. 24 Eric
copyright clearance organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside
Futran - Chefshots/FoodPix/Getty Images; p. 28 California California/Alamy;
th e scope o f th e above should be sent to the ELT Rights D epartm ent, Oxford
p. 46 DIMITAR DILKOFF/AFP/Getty Images; p. 50 Glowimages/Getty Images
University Press, at th e address above.
(blue car); p. 50 Gary Sims/Alamy (yellow car); p. 55 Eileen Langsley
You m u st n o t circulate this book in any o ther binding or cover Gymnastics/Alamy; p. 56 W illiam Ju/Alamy; p. 59 Andrew Fox/Alamy;
and you m u st im pose this same condition on any acquirer. p. 61 Oleksiy Maksymenko/Alamy; p. 66 Julian W ard/Flickr/Getty Images;
p. 70 Blend Images/Alamy; p. 71 Peter Cade/Stone/Getty Images; p. 76 Tony
Any websites referred to in this publication are in the public dom ain and their
Cordoza/Alamy; p. 77 Ethno Images, Inc./Alamy; 88 Sylvain Grandadam/age
addresses are provided by Oxford University Press for inform ation only. Oxford
fotostoclc; p. 90 fotoshoot/Alamy (changing tire); p. 90 im agewerks/Getty
University Press disclaims any responsibility for the content.
Images (wheelchair); p. 90 Bart Geerligs/Getty Images (purse snatcher);
General Manager, Am erican ELT: Laura Pearson p. 90 Eddie Linssen/alamy (map); p. 92 N athan King/Alamy; p. 94 Inspirestock
Publisher: Stephanie Karras Inc./Alamy; p. 100 Corbis/Digital Stock/Oxford University Press;
Associate Publishing Manager: Sharon Sargent p. 112 AP Photo/Nati Harnik; p. 114 dmac/Alamy (billboard); p. 114 Neil
Setchfield/Alamy (chicken); p. 114 Howard Davies/Alamy (climate change);
M anaging Editors: M artin Coleman, Mary W hittem ore
p. 114 Justin Kase z03z/Alamy (truck); p. 116 Image Source/Alamy;
Associate D evelopm ent Editors: Rebecca Mostov, Keyana Shaw p. 117 Reuters/Corbis UK Ltd.; p. 121 Bruce Laurance/Getty Images;
Director, ADP: Susan Sanguily p. 132 Marcelo Hernadez/LatinContent/Getty Images; p. 134 Aurora Photos/
Executive Design Manager: Maj-Britt Hagsted Alamy (skiing); p. 134 AFP/Getty Images (m ountain climbing); p. 134 Image
Associate Design Manager: Michael Steinhofer Source/Oxford University Press (rock climbing); p. 134 Ace Stock Limited/
E lectronic Production Manager: Julie A rm strong Alamy (motocross); p. 134 Peter Arnold, Inc./Alamy (rafting); p. 134 Nick
Production Artist: Elissa Santos Chaldakov/Alamy (bungee); p. 134 Jiri Rezac/Alamy (steelworker);
p. 134 David R. Frazier Photolibrary, Inc./Alamy (logger); p. 134 Associated
Cover Design: Molly Scanlon
Press/Press Association Images (roofer); p. 134 Mark Richardson/Oxford
Image Manager: Trisha M asterson
University Press (farmer); p. 134 David Wells/Alamy (fisherman);
Image Editors: Liaht Pashayan p. 134 Vladim irs Koskins/Shutterstock (painter); p. 137 Koji Aoki/
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10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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p. 29 Karen Minot; p. 34 Karen Minot (all); p. 68 Bill Sm ith Group; p. 156 Bill
Sm ith Group; p. 204 Barb Bastian.
,ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Authors
Margot F. Gramer holds an M .A. in TESOL fro m Teachers College, C olum bia
University. She has been involved in th e field o f ESL as a teacher, teach er-train er,
ad m in istra to r, w riter an d editor. She has tau g h t ESL for m a n y years at b o th the
college level a n d in business settings. She is th e au th o r o r co -a u th o r o f m an y ESL
textbooks. She is cu rren tly an In stru c to r at th e L anguage Im m ersio n P ro g ram
at N assau C o m m u n ity College (LINCC) in G ard en City, N ew York.
Colin S. Ward holds an M.A. in TESOL from th e U niversity o f L ondon. H e has
been teaching E nglish for nearly ten years. H is in terests include th e teach in g o f
second-language w ritin g a n d th e role o f tech n o lo g y in language learn in g . C olin
is a U.S.-U.K. F ulbright scholar an d th e au th o r o f several ESL textbooks.
ries Consultants
Marguerite Ann Snow holds a Ph.D. in Applied Linguistics from UCLA. She is a
professor in the C harter College of Education at California State University, Los Angeles
where she teaches in the TESOL M.A. program . She has published in TESOL Quarterly,
Applied Linguistics, and The M odern Language Journal. She has been a Fulbright scholar
in H ong Kong and Cyprus. In 2006, she received the President’s D istinguished Professor award
at Cal State L.A. In addition to working closely w ith ESL and m ainstream public school teachers
in the United States, she has trained EFL teachers in Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Egypt, Japan,
Morocco, Pakistan, Spain, and Turkey. H er m ain interests are integrated content and language
instruction, English for Academic Purposes, and standards for English teaching and learning.
Lawrence J. Zwier holds an M. A. in TESL from the University of M innesota. He is
currently the Associate D irector for C urriculum Development at the English Language
Center at M ichigan State University in East Lansing. He has taught ESL/EFL in the United
States, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Japan, and Singapore. He is a frequent TESOL conference
presenter and has published m any ESL/EFL books in the areas of test-preparation,
vocabulary, and reading, including Inside Reading 2 for Oxford University Press.
Vocabulary Consultant
Cheryl Boyd Zimmerman is associate professor of TESOL at California State
University, Fullerton. She specializes in second-language vocabulary acquisition,
an area in which she is widely published. She teaches graduate courses on second-
language acquisition, culture, vocabulary, and the fundam entals o f TESOL and is
a frequent invited speaker on topics related to vocabulary teaching and learning.
She is the author of Word Knowledge: A Vocabulary Teacher’s Handbook, and
Series D irector of Inside Reading, b oth published by O xford University Press.
iii
, We would like to acknowledge the advice of teachers from all over the world who participated in online
reviews, focus groups, and editorial reviews. We relied heavily on teacher input throughout the extensive
development process of the Q series, and many of the features in the series came directly from feedback
we gathered from teachers in the classroom. We are grateful to all who helped.
UNITED STATES Marcarena Aguilar, N orth H arris College, TX; Deborah Hostos C om m unity College, NY; Jim Ranalli, Iowa State University, IA; Toni
Anholt, Lewis and Clark College, OR; Robert Anzelde, O akton C om m unity R. Randall, Santa Monica College, CA; Vidya Rangachari, M ission College,
College, IL; Arlys Arnold, University of M innesota, MN; Marcia Arthur, CA; Elizabeth Rasmussen, N orthern Virginia C om m unity College, VA;
Renton Technical College, WA; A nne Bachmann, Clackamas C om m unity Lara Ravitch, T rum an College, IL; Deborah Repasz, San Jacinto College,
College, OR; Ron Balsamo, Santa Rosa Junior College, CA; Lori Barkley, TX; Andrey Reznikov, Black Hills State University, SD; Alison Rice, H unter
Portland State University, OR; Eileen Barlow, SUNY Albany, NY; Sue Bartch, College, NY; Jennifer Robles, Ventura Unified School District, CA; Priscilla
Cuyahoga C om m unity College, OH; Lora Bates, O akton High School, VA; Rocha, Clark County School District, NV; Dzidra Rodins, DePaul University
Nancy Baum, University of Texas at Arlington, TX; Linda Berendsen, O akton IL; Maria Rodriguez, Central High School, AZ; Maria Ruiz, Victor Valley
C om m unity College, IL; Jennifer Binckes Lee, Howard C om m unity College, College, CA; Kimberly Russell, Clark College, WA; Irene Sakk, N orthw estern
MD; Grace Bishop, H ouston Com m unity College, TX; Jean W. Bodman, University, IL; Shaeley Santiago, Ames High School, IA; Peg Sarosy,
U nion C ounty College, NJ; Virginia Bouchard, George Mason University, San Francisco State University, CA; Alice Savage, N orth H arris College, TX;
VA; Kimberley Briesch Sumner, University of Southern California, CA; Donna Schaeffer, University of W ashington, WA; Carol Schinger, N orthern
Gabriela Cambiasso, H arold W ashington College, IL; Jackie Campbell, Virginia Com m unity College, VA; Robert Scott, Kansas State University, KS;
Capistrano Unified School D istrict, CA; Adele C. Camus, George Mason Suell Scott, Sheridan Technical Center, FL; Shira Seaman, Global English
University, VA; Laura Chason, Savannah College, GA; Kerry Linder Catana, Academy, NY; Richard Seltzer, Glendale C om m unity College, CA; Kathy
Language Studies International, NY; A n Cheng, Oklahom a State University, Sherak, San Francisco State University, CA; German Silva, M iam i Dade
OK; Carole Collins, N orth H am pton C om m unity College, PA; Betty R. College, FL; Andrea Spector, Santa M onica C om m unity College, CA; Karen
Compton, Intercultural Com m unications College, HI; Pamela Couch, Stanely, Central Piedm ont Com m unity College, NC; Ayse Stromsdorfer,
Boston University, MA; Fernanda Crowe, Intrax International Institute, Soldan I.S.H.S., MO; Yilin Sun, South Seattle C om m unity College, WA;
CA; Margo Czinski, W ashtenaw Com m unity College, MI; David Dahnke, Thomas Swietlik, Intrax International Institute, IL; Judith Tanka, UCLA
Lone Star College, TX; Gillian M. Dale, CA; L. Dalgish, Concordia College, Extension-A m erican Language Center, CA; Priscilla Taylor, University of
MN; Christopher Davis, John Jay College, NY; Sonia Delgadillo, Sierra Southern California, CA; Ilene Teixeira, Fairfax County Public Schools, VA;
College, CA; Marta O. Dmytrenko-Ahrabian, W ayne State University, Shirl H. Terrell, Collin College, TX; Marya Teutsch-Dwyer, St. Cloud State
MI; Javier D om inguez, Central High School, SC; Jo Ellen Downey-Greer, University, MN; Stephen Thergesen, ELS Language Centers, CO; Christine
Lansing C om m unity College, MI; Jennifer D u d os, Boston University, Tierney, Houston C om m unity College, TX; Arlene Turini, N orth Moore
MA; Yvonne Duncan, City College of San Francisco, CA; Jennie Farnell, High School, NC; Suzanne Van Der Valk, Iowa State University, IA; Nathan
University of C onnecticut, CT; Susan Fedors, Howard C om m unity College, D. Vasarhely, Ygnacio Valley High School, CA; Naom i S. Verratti, Howard
MD; Matthew Florence, Intrax International Institute, CA; Kathleen Flynn, C om m unity College, MD; Hollyahna Vettori, Santa Rosa Junior College,
Glendale College, CA; Eve Fonseca, St. Louis C om m unity College, MO; CA; Laura Walsh, City College of San Francisco, CA; Andrew J. Watson,
Elizabeth Foss, W ashtenaw C om m unity College, MI; D u ff C. Galda, Pima The English Bakery; Donald Weasenforth, Collin College, TX; Juliane
C om m unity College, AZ; Christiane Galvani, H ouston C om m unity College, Widner, Sheepshead Bay High School, NY; Lynne W ilkins, Mills College,
TX; Gretchen Gerber, Howard Com m unity College, MD; Ray Gonzalez, CA; Dolores “Lorrie” Winter, California State University at Fullerton, CA;
M ontgom ery College, MD; Alyona Gorokhova, Grossm ont College, CA; Jody Yamamoto, Kapi’olani C om m unity College, HI; Ellen L. Yaniv, Boston
John Graney, Santa Fe College, FL; Kathleen Green, Central High School, University, MA; Norm an Yoshida, Lewis & Clark College, OR; Joanna Zadra,
AZ; Webb Hamilton, De Anza College, San Jose City College, CA; Janet Am erican River College, CA; Florence Zysman, Santiago Canyon College, CA;
Harclerode, Santa Monica C om m unity College, CA; Sandra Hartmann, ASIA Rabiatu Abubakar, Eton Language Centre, Malaysia; W iwik
Language and Culture Center, TX; Kathy Haven, M ission College, CA; Andreani, Bina N usantara University, Indonesia; Mike Baker, Kosei Junior
Adam Henricksen, University of M aryland, MD; Peter Hoffman, LaGuardia H igh School, Japan; Leonard Barrow, Kanto Junior College, Japan; Herman
C om m unity College, NY; Linda Holden, College o f Lake County, IL; Jana Bartelen, Japan; Siren Betty, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung; Thomas E. Bieri,
Holt, Lake W ashington Technical College, WA; Gail Ibele, University of Nagoya College, Japan; Natalie Brezden, Global English House, Japan; MK
W isconsin, WI; Mandy Kama, Georgetown University, W ashington, DC; Brooks, Mukogawa W om en’s University, Japan; Truong Ngoc Buu, The Youth
Stephanie Kasuboski, Cuyahoga C om m unity College, OH; Chigusa Katoku, Language School, Vietnam ; Charles Cabell, Toyo University, Japan; Fred
Mission College, CA; Sandra Kawamura, Sacramento City College, CA; Gail Carruth, M atsum oto University, Japan; Frances Causer, Seijo University,
Kellersberger, University of Houston, TX; Jane Kelly, D urham Technical Japan; Deborah Chang, W enzao Ursuline College of Languages, Kaohsiung;
C om m unity College, NC; Julie Park Kim, George M ason University, VA; David Hindman Chatham, Ritsum eikan University, Japan; Andrew Chih
Lisa Kovacs-Morgan University of California, San Diego, CA; Claudia H ong Chen, N ational Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung; Christina Chen,
Kupiec, DePaul University, IL; Renee La Rue, Lone Star College-Montgomery, Yu-Tsai Bilingual Elementary School, Taipei; Jason Jeffree Cole, Coto College,
TX; Janet Langon, Glendale College, CA; Lawrence Lawson, Palom ar Japan; Le M inh Cong, Vungtau Tourism Vocational College, Vietnam; Todd
College, CA; Rachele Lawton, The C om m unity College of Baltimore County, Cooper, Toyama National College of Technology, Japan; Marie Cosgrove,
MD; Alice Lee, Richland College, TX; Cherie Lenz-Hackett, University Daito Bunka University, Japan; Tony Cripps, Ritsum eikan University, Japan;
o f W ashington, WA; Joy Leventhal, Cuyahoga C om m unity College, OH; Daniel Cussen, Takushoku University, Japan; Le Dan, Ho Chi M inh City
Candace Lynch-Thompson, N orth Orange County C om m unity College Electric Power College, Vietnam ; Simon Daykin, Banghwa-dong Com m unity
D istrict, CA; I hi Thi Ma, City College of San Francisco, CA; D enise Maduli- Centre, South Korea; Aim ee Denham , ILA, Vietnam ; Bryan Dickson, David’s
W illiam s, City College of San Francisco, CA; Eileen Mahoney, Camelback English Center, Taipei; Nathan Ducker, Japan University, Japan; Ian Duncan,
H igh School, AZ; Brigitte Maronde, H arold W ashington College, IL; Keith Simul International Corporate Training, Japan; Nguyen Thi Kieu Dung,
Maurice, University of Texas at Arlington, TX; Nancy Mayer, University of Thang Long University, Vietnam ; Nguyen Thi Thuy Duong, Vietnamese
Missouri-St. Louis, MO; Karen Merritt, Glendale Union High School A m erican Vocational Training College, Vietnam ; Wong Tuck Ее, Raja Tun
D istrict, AZ; H olly Milkowart, Johnson C ounty C om m unity College, KS; A zlan Science Secondary School, Malaysia; Emilia Effendy, International
Eric Moyer, Intrax International Institute, CA; Gino Muzzatti, Santa Rosa Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia; Robert Eva, Kaisei Girls High School,
Junior College, CA; W illiam Nedrow, Triton College, IL; Eric Nelson, Japan; Jim George, Luna International Language School, Japan; Jurgen
University of Minnesota, MN; Rhony Ory, Ygnacio Valley High School, Germeys, Silk Road Language Center, South Korea; W ong Ai Gnoh, SMJK
CA; Paul Parent, M ontgom ery College, MD; Oscar Pedroso, M iam i Dade C hung H w a Confucian, Malaysia; Peter Goosselink, H okkai High School,
College, FL; Robin Persiani, Sierra College, CA; Patricia Prenz-Belkin,
iv ! Reviewers
