ALS - RESUS COUNCIL UK (RCUK) 2026 UPDATE
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
Chain of survival Answer - early recognition, early CPR, early Defibrillation,
post resuscitation care
defibrillation time frame and survival rate, minute delay survival rate Answer -
within 3-5 mins, survival 50-70 %
each minute of delay reduces survival by 10%
what is included in quality post-resus (ROSC) care Answer - assess with AtoE
SpO2 94-98%
nomal PaCO2
12 lead ECG
identify and treat cause
temperature control
what are the shockable rhythms Answer - VF
pulseless VT
nonshockable rhythms Answer - PEA and asystole
4 H's- and ways to assess Answer - hypoxia - sats/ABG
hypovolaemia - BP
,hypo/hyperkalaemia - ABG
hypo/hyperthermia - T
4 T's - and ways to assess Answer - Thromboembolic - (ECG/CTH)
Tension pneumothorax - trancheal deviation, USS, JVP
Tamponade - bedside ECHO
Toxins - screen/hx
In ALS adrenaline is given when Answer - every 3-5mins (every other shock)
in ALS amiodarone is given when Answer - every 3 shocks
how are outcomes from cardiac arrest improved Answer - evidence based
guidelines
quality standards
measuring patient outcomes - NCAA, ICNARC
safety incident reporting
non-technical resus skills + definition Answer - - cognitive/social/personal skills
contributing to safe and efficient performance
situational awareness
decision making
team working and leadership
task management
percentage of in hospital CA's that are predictable
what signs Answer - 80%
,hypoxia and hypotension
most common arrest rhythm and survival rate Answer - non-shockble
(PEA/Asystole)
14&
chain of prevention Answer - Education
Monitoring
Recognition
Call for help
Response
physiology signs acceptable to met call Answer - airway threatened
RR arrest >36 <5
CArrest, HR>140 <40, SBP<90
GCS drop >2, sudden LOC, seizures repeated or prolonged
Airway deterioration/CA causes Answer - complete/partial obstruction
blood/vomit/FB
trauma
epiglottits
pharyngreal swelling - infection/odema
bronchospasm
bronchial secretion
, blocked trachy
laryngospasm
CNS depression (head injury/intracerebral disease, hypercapnia, depressant
metabolic disorder (e.g. DM), drugs, alcohol
signs of airway obsturction Answer - breathing difficulty choking,
accessory muscles
noisy
(silent if complete)
abdominal breathing
treatment of airway compromise Answer - suction
positioning including recoveru
adjuncts
O2
?NG to aspirate stomach
causes of breathing deterioration Answer - resp drive - CNS depression
resp effort - muscular fatigue, asthma, spinal cord lesion, cervical damage, GBS,
MG, MS, chronic disease, fracture
lung disorder - pneu/haemothorax / tension, infection, aspiration, COPD,
asthma, PE, contusion, ARDS, oedema
signs of breathing distress Answer - SOB
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
Chain of survival Answer - early recognition, early CPR, early Defibrillation,
post resuscitation care
defibrillation time frame and survival rate, minute delay survival rate Answer -
within 3-5 mins, survival 50-70 %
each minute of delay reduces survival by 10%
what is included in quality post-resus (ROSC) care Answer - assess with AtoE
SpO2 94-98%
nomal PaCO2
12 lead ECG
identify and treat cause
temperature control
what are the shockable rhythms Answer - VF
pulseless VT
nonshockable rhythms Answer - PEA and asystole
4 H's- and ways to assess Answer - hypoxia - sats/ABG
hypovolaemia - BP
,hypo/hyperkalaemia - ABG
hypo/hyperthermia - T
4 T's - and ways to assess Answer - Thromboembolic - (ECG/CTH)
Tension pneumothorax - trancheal deviation, USS, JVP
Tamponade - bedside ECHO
Toxins - screen/hx
In ALS adrenaline is given when Answer - every 3-5mins (every other shock)
in ALS amiodarone is given when Answer - every 3 shocks
how are outcomes from cardiac arrest improved Answer - evidence based
guidelines
quality standards
measuring patient outcomes - NCAA, ICNARC
safety incident reporting
non-technical resus skills + definition Answer - - cognitive/social/personal skills
contributing to safe and efficient performance
situational awareness
decision making
team working and leadership
task management
percentage of in hospital CA's that are predictable
what signs Answer - 80%
,hypoxia and hypotension
most common arrest rhythm and survival rate Answer - non-shockble
(PEA/Asystole)
14&
chain of prevention Answer - Education
Monitoring
Recognition
Call for help
Response
physiology signs acceptable to met call Answer - airway threatened
RR arrest >36 <5
CArrest, HR>140 <40, SBP<90
GCS drop >2, sudden LOC, seizures repeated or prolonged
Airway deterioration/CA causes Answer - complete/partial obstruction
blood/vomit/FB
trauma
epiglottits
pharyngreal swelling - infection/odema
bronchospasm
bronchial secretion
, blocked trachy
laryngospasm
CNS depression (head injury/intracerebral disease, hypercapnia, depressant
metabolic disorder (e.g. DM), drugs, alcohol
signs of airway obsturction Answer - breathing difficulty choking,
accessory muscles
noisy
(silent if complete)
abdominal breathing
treatment of airway compromise Answer - suction
positioning including recoveru
adjuncts
O2
?NG to aspirate stomach
causes of breathing deterioration Answer - resp drive - CNS depression
resp effort - muscular fatigue, asthma, spinal cord lesion, cervical damage, GBS,
MG, MS, chronic disease, fracture
lung disorder - pneu/haemothorax / tension, infection, aspiration, COPD,
asthma, PE, contusion, ARDS, oedema
signs of breathing distress Answer - SOB
