ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 4 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 100 % VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
2025/ 2026
In a gram stain, gram ______ rods reflect Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while gram ______ cocci in clusters
reflect Staphylococcus aureus. - CORRECT ANSWER >> negative, positive
GPC in clusters = ______ species
GPC in chains = ______ species - CORRECT ANSWER >> Staphylococcus, Streptococcus
Beta-Lactam Classes (5) - CORRECT ANSWER >> Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations
Carbapenems
Monobactams*
Penicillin classes (3) - CORRECT ANSWER >> Natural penicillins
Anti-staph penicillins
Amino-penicillins
Natural penicillins include Penicillin ______ and ______ , and were first discovered in 1928. They have
minimal to no gram ______ activity, but can treat staph, strep, and is are the drug of choice for ______.
They were also initially excellent for ______ infections. - CORRECT ANSWER >> G and V
negative
syphilis
skin
Natural penicillin ______ is available in IV form and penicillin ______ is available in PO form, however
there is low absorption of the oral tablet which limits its use. - CORRECT ANSWER >> G, V
Benzathine is the type of penicillin ______ that is available IM. - CORRECT ANSWER >> G
, Anti-staphylococcal penicillins (3) "-cillin" - CORRECT ANSWER >> Oxacillin, Naficillin, Dicloxacillin
Anti-staph penicillins were developed to treat penicillin-______ staph aureus. They are the drug of
choice for serious ______ -______ staph aureus (MSSA) infections of the bloodstream. They are cleared
by the ______ , so no renal adjustments are required which is UNIQUE to this class. - CORRECT ANSWER
>> resistant
methicillin-susceptible
liver
Originally, anti-staph penicillins were developed to treat ______ - resistant S. aureus (MRSA), however
treatment was discontinued due to risk of ______. However, this class still requires ______ monitoring,
especially in pts with liver impairment. - CORRECT ANSWER >> methicillin
hepatotoxicity
LFT
Anti-staph penicillins have a long 1/2 life. T/F? - CORRECT ANSWER >> False - very short, < 4 hrs
______ is the oral option of all anti-staph penicillins and is not commonly used since it requires frequent
dosing. - CORRECT ANSWER >> Dicloxacillin
Amino-penicillins (2) "Am-" - CORRECT ANSWER >> Amoxicillin (Amoxil), Ampicillin
Amino-penicillins were developed to provide gram ______ coverage in addition to gram ______
coverage, however former coverage has a very narrow range, and is not reliable treatment for ______.
______ infection, as it is often resistance due to beta-lactamase production. - CORRECT ANSWER >>
negative
positive
S. aureus
______ is available in IV and PO, but is mainly used in its IV form, while ______ is only available PO and
is used as this therapy only since there is better bioavailability (Amino-penicillins). - CORRECT ANSWER
>> Ampicillin
AND ANSWERS 100 % VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
2025/ 2026
In a gram stain, gram ______ rods reflect Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while gram ______ cocci in clusters
reflect Staphylococcus aureus. - CORRECT ANSWER >> negative, positive
GPC in clusters = ______ species
GPC in chains = ______ species - CORRECT ANSWER >> Staphylococcus, Streptococcus
Beta-Lactam Classes (5) - CORRECT ANSWER >> Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations
Carbapenems
Monobactams*
Penicillin classes (3) - CORRECT ANSWER >> Natural penicillins
Anti-staph penicillins
Amino-penicillins
Natural penicillins include Penicillin ______ and ______ , and were first discovered in 1928. They have
minimal to no gram ______ activity, but can treat staph, strep, and is are the drug of choice for ______.
They were also initially excellent for ______ infections. - CORRECT ANSWER >> G and V
negative
syphilis
skin
Natural penicillin ______ is available in IV form and penicillin ______ is available in PO form, however
there is low absorption of the oral tablet which limits its use. - CORRECT ANSWER >> G, V
Benzathine is the type of penicillin ______ that is available IM. - CORRECT ANSWER >> G
, Anti-staphylococcal penicillins (3) "-cillin" - CORRECT ANSWER >> Oxacillin, Naficillin, Dicloxacillin
Anti-staph penicillins were developed to treat penicillin-______ staph aureus. They are the drug of
choice for serious ______ -______ staph aureus (MSSA) infections of the bloodstream. They are cleared
by the ______ , so no renal adjustments are required which is UNIQUE to this class. - CORRECT ANSWER
>> resistant
methicillin-susceptible
liver
Originally, anti-staph penicillins were developed to treat ______ - resistant S. aureus (MRSA), however
treatment was discontinued due to risk of ______. However, this class still requires ______ monitoring,
especially in pts with liver impairment. - CORRECT ANSWER >> methicillin
hepatotoxicity
LFT
Anti-staph penicillins have a long 1/2 life. T/F? - CORRECT ANSWER >> False - very short, < 4 hrs
______ is the oral option of all anti-staph penicillins and is not commonly used since it requires frequent
dosing. - CORRECT ANSWER >> Dicloxacillin
Amino-penicillins (2) "Am-" - CORRECT ANSWER >> Amoxicillin (Amoxil), Ampicillin
Amino-penicillins were developed to provide gram ______ coverage in addition to gram ______
coverage, however former coverage has a very narrow range, and is not reliable treatment for ______.
______ infection, as it is often resistance due to beta-lactamase production. - CORRECT ANSWER >>
negative
positive
S. aureus
______ is available in IV and PO, but is mainly used in its IV form, while ______ is only available PO and
is used as this therapy only since there is better bioavailability (Amino-penicillins). - CORRECT ANSWER
>> Ampicillin
