ESRM 100 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
D) will cause war, epidemics, and famine all over the planet. - Answers -According to
Thomas Malthus, the uncontrolled growth of human population:
A) will lead to an increase in the atmospheric CO2 levels above 800 ppm.
B) does not have to be considered a problem - the growth rate is not high.
C) will only be solved by technological development driven by free market principles.
D) will cause war, epidemics, and famine all over the planet.
C) Extinction - Answers -_______ is a more common problem in smaller islands rather
than in larger islands.
A Emigration
B) Population growth
C) Extinction
D) Breeding
B) a large number of individuals in the younger ages - Answers -A country with a high
growth rate will display a pyramid shape when graphed. It indicates:
A) that the population has an equal percentage of children, adults and elderly people
B) a large number of individuals in the younger ages
C) that the population is composed mostly of elderly people
D) that the population is composed mostly of children
B) Middle - Answers -In a forest ecosystem, the greatest amount of diversity, biomass,
and organic matter are found in the ________ age of succession.
A) Primary
B) Middle
C) Late
D) Climax
A) Calcium - Answers -Acid rain has resulted in decline of forests in the Northeastern
US. Recent research suggests that additions of which nutrient could help restore these
ecosystems?
A) Calcium
B) Carbon
C) Phosphorus
D) Sodium
C) Relationships between organisms and their environment - Answers -Which of the
following definitions best describes the term "Ecology"?
A) Global climate change as it relates to organisms
B) The growth rate of an Ecosystem and its productivity
C) Relationships between organisms and their environment
D) The relationship between plants and humans
,A) They have become more intense and widespread. - Answers -In the GoPost
discussion titled "Fire - A danger or just another part of ecosystems?" how has the
Forest Service's "antifire" policy influenced the incidence of forest fires in recent years?
A) They have become more intense and widespread.
B) They have become smaller and more isolated.
C) There has been no change in the incidence of forest fires as a result of this policy.
D) Forest fires have ceased completely.
C) the time it takes for a population to double in size. - Answers -When describing
population dynamics, the term "doubling time" refers to:
A) the time it takes for a population to increase by at least 20%.
B) the growth of a population that remains the same for only 2 years.
C) the time it takes for a population to double in size.
D) the time it takes a population to decrease its growth rate by half.
A) It refers to soil or vegetation which receive all of their water and nutrients from
precipitation, rather than from streams or springs - Answers -What is meant by the term
ombrotrophic system?
A) It refers to soil or vegetation which receive all of their water and nutrients from
precipitation, rather than from streams or springs
B) It is related to the increasing atmospheric CO2 levels
C) It is a system disturbed by environmental changes
D) It is a new agricultural method that aims to increase productivity of crops
D) lack of predators - Answers -The main factor that contributed to the dramatic
increase of the water buffalo population in Australia was:
A) lack of food
B) high birth rates
C) lack of water
D) lack of predators
A) Soil erosion versus water pollution with manure - Answers -Grazing can cause
damage to the environment, but the use of feedlots can also be damaging. Which of the
following are problems likely to be associated with rangelands as compared to feedlots?
A) Soil erosion versus water pollution with manure
B) Acidification versus alkalization
C) Nitrification versus ammonification
D) Over fertilization versus soil nutrient depletion
D) 80% - Answers -Free nitrogen (N2) makes up about ______ of the earth's
atmosphere.
A) 10%
B) 30%
C) 50%
D) 80%
,A) Packing problem - Answers -The term _________ can be defined as an estimate of
how many people are able to live on our planet, without taking into account Earth's
ability to supply their needs, especially the need for food.
A) Packing problem
B) Carrying capacity
C) Abundance
D) Exponential population growth
C) disturbance - Answers -Low-severity fire is a _____________ to the landscape that
encourages the regeneration of vegetation, ecological succession and species re-
establishment in some ecosystems such as Ponderosa Pine Forests.
A) primary succession
B) catastrophe
C) disturbance
D) threat
A) Community-level effect - Answers -Species interaction is a common mechanism of
survival in the biological chain. The _______ describes the process in which one
species affects another species that, in turn, affects a third species?
A) Community-level effect
B) Mutualism effect
C) Facilitation effect
D) Random access effect
D) Fresh lava rock - Answers -Primary succession would take place on (or in) a:
A) Temperate grassland
B) Tropical forest
C) Boreal forest
D) Fresh lava rock
B) Lithosphere - Answers -It is estimated that 66 to 100 million gigatons of carbon are
stored in the ________ as sedimentary rocks.
A) Biosphere
B) Lithosphere
C) Atmosphere
D) Asthenosphere
A) plantations - Answers -Forests where trees are planted and intensively managed are
called:
A) plantations
B) taiga
C) savannas
D) keystone forests
, B) Energy element - Answers -The element Phosphorus, also known as the
"_________", is used in the transfer and use of energy within cells through chemicals
such as ATP, and also has an important function in plant growth.
A) Toxic element
B) Energy element
C) Protein element
D) Cementing element
C) divergent evolution - Answers -When a single species changes over time into 2 or
more species, this is called:
A) convergent evolution
B) natural selection
C) divergent evolution
D) regressive selection
A) It is biologically isolated; species living there cannot mix with other populations of the
same species - Answers -What makes an ecological island unique from other areas?
A) It is biologically isolated; species living there cannot mix with other populations of the
same species
B) These islands have constant ecological interactions with larger landmasses
C) It can only support up to a dozen species
D) Aquatic life cannot survive around the territory of an ecological island
B) Denitrification - Answers -What is the name of the reaction that transforms nitrate
(NO3) to nitrogen gas (N2) in the ocean?
A) Nitrification
B) Denitrification
C) Anammox
D) Ammonification
D) 70/ growth rate - Answers -To calculate the doubling time of an exponentially
growing population, you would use which of the following formulas?
A) 3.14 * growth rate
B) population - mortality + birth rate
C) population / mortality
D) 70/ growth rate
A) Declining, high, lower - Answers -The tendency of __________ birth rates in
countries that have a ______ standard of living is not the same as the tendency in
countries with a ______ standard of living.
A) Declining, high, lower
B) Increasing, low, higher
C) Increasing, low, lower
D) Constant, high, lower
D) will cause war, epidemics, and famine all over the planet. - Answers -According to
Thomas Malthus, the uncontrolled growth of human population:
A) will lead to an increase in the atmospheric CO2 levels above 800 ppm.
B) does not have to be considered a problem - the growth rate is not high.
C) will only be solved by technological development driven by free market principles.
D) will cause war, epidemics, and famine all over the planet.
C) Extinction - Answers -_______ is a more common problem in smaller islands rather
than in larger islands.
A Emigration
B) Population growth
C) Extinction
D) Breeding
B) a large number of individuals in the younger ages - Answers -A country with a high
growth rate will display a pyramid shape when graphed. It indicates:
A) that the population has an equal percentage of children, adults and elderly people
B) a large number of individuals in the younger ages
C) that the population is composed mostly of elderly people
D) that the population is composed mostly of children
B) Middle - Answers -In a forest ecosystem, the greatest amount of diversity, biomass,
and organic matter are found in the ________ age of succession.
A) Primary
B) Middle
C) Late
D) Climax
A) Calcium - Answers -Acid rain has resulted in decline of forests in the Northeastern
US. Recent research suggests that additions of which nutrient could help restore these
ecosystems?
A) Calcium
B) Carbon
C) Phosphorus
D) Sodium
C) Relationships between organisms and their environment - Answers -Which of the
following definitions best describes the term "Ecology"?
A) Global climate change as it relates to organisms
B) The growth rate of an Ecosystem and its productivity
C) Relationships between organisms and their environment
D) The relationship between plants and humans
,A) They have become more intense and widespread. - Answers -In the GoPost
discussion titled "Fire - A danger or just another part of ecosystems?" how has the
Forest Service's "antifire" policy influenced the incidence of forest fires in recent years?
A) They have become more intense and widespread.
B) They have become smaller and more isolated.
C) There has been no change in the incidence of forest fires as a result of this policy.
D) Forest fires have ceased completely.
C) the time it takes for a population to double in size. - Answers -When describing
population dynamics, the term "doubling time" refers to:
A) the time it takes for a population to increase by at least 20%.
B) the growth of a population that remains the same for only 2 years.
C) the time it takes for a population to double in size.
D) the time it takes a population to decrease its growth rate by half.
A) It refers to soil or vegetation which receive all of their water and nutrients from
precipitation, rather than from streams or springs - Answers -What is meant by the term
ombrotrophic system?
A) It refers to soil or vegetation which receive all of their water and nutrients from
precipitation, rather than from streams or springs
B) It is related to the increasing atmospheric CO2 levels
C) It is a system disturbed by environmental changes
D) It is a new agricultural method that aims to increase productivity of crops
D) lack of predators - Answers -The main factor that contributed to the dramatic
increase of the water buffalo population in Australia was:
A) lack of food
B) high birth rates
C) lack of water
D) lack of predators
A) Soil erosion versus water pollution with manure - Answers -Grazing can cause
damage to the environment, but the use of feedlots can also be damaging. Which of the
following are problems likely to be associated with rangelands as compared to feedlots?
A) Soil erosion versus water pollution with manure
B) Acidification versus alkalization
C) Nitrification versus ammonification
D) Over fertilization versus soil nutrient depletion
D) 80% - Answers -Free nitrogen (N2) makes up about ______ of the earth's
atmosphere.
A) 10%
B) 30%
C) 50%
D) 80%
,A) Packing problem - Answers -The term _________ can be defined as an estimate of
how many people are able to live on our planet, without taking into account Earth's
ability to supply their needs, especially the need for food.
A) Packing problem
B) Carrying capacity
C) Abundance
D) Exponential population growth
C) disturbance - Answers -Low-severity fire is a _____________ to the landscape that
encourages the regeneration of vegetation, ecological succession and species re-
establishment in some ecosystems such as Ponderosa Pine Forests.
A) primary succession
B) catastrophe
C) disturbance
D) threat
A) Community-level effect - Answers -Species interaction is a common mechanism of
survival in the biological chain. The _______ describes the process in which one
species affects another species that, in turn, affects a third species?
A) Community-level effect
B) Mutualism effect
C) Facilitation effect
D) Random access effect
D) Fresh lava rock - Answers -Primary succession would take place on (or in) a:
A) Temperate grassland
B) Tropical forest
C) Boreal forest
D) Fresh lava rock
B) Lithosphere - Answers -It is estimated that 66 to 100 million gigatons of carbon are
stored in the ________ as sedimentary rocks.
A) Biosphere
B) Lithosphere
C) Atmosphere
D) Asthenosphere
A) plantations - Answers -Forests where trees are planted and intensively managed are
called:
A) plantations
B) taiga
C) savannas
D) keystone forests
, B) Energy element - Answers -The element Phosphorus, also known as the
"_________", is used in the transfer and use of energy within cells through chemicals
such as ATP, and also has an important function in plant growth.
A) Toxic element
B) Energy element
C) Protein element
D) Cementing element
C) divergent evolution - Answers -When a single species changes over time into 2 or
more species, this is called:
A) convergent evolution
B) natural selection
C) divergent evolution
D) regressive selection
A) It is biologically isolated; species living there cannot mix with other populations of the
same species - Answers -What makes an ecological island unique from other areas?
A) It is biologically isolated; species living there cannot mix with other populations of the
same species
B) These islands have constant ecological interactions with larger landmasses
C) It can only support up to a dozen species
D) Aquatic life cannot survive around the territory of an ecological island
B) Denitrification - Answers -What is the name of the reaction that transforms nitrate
(NO3) to nitrogen gas (N2) in the ocean?
A) Nitrification
B) Denitrification
C) Anammox
D) Ammonification
D) 70/ growth rate - Answers -To calculate the doubling time of an exponentially
growing population, you would use which of the following formulas?
A) 3.14 * growth rate
B) population - mortality + birth rate
C) population / mortality
D) 70/ growth rate
A) Declining, high, lower - Answers -The tendency of __________ birth rates in
countries that have a ______ standard of living is not the same as the tendency in
countries with a ______ standard of living.
A) Declining, high, lower
B) Increasing, low, higher
C) Increasing, low, lower
D) Constant, high, lower
