WGU D334 Objective Assessment (NEW 2026/ 2027 Update) Introduction to Cryptography Guide | Questions & Answers | Grade A| 100% Correct (Verified Solutions)

WGUl D334l Objectivel Assessmentl (NEWl
2026/l 2027l Update)l Introductionl tol
Cryptographyl Guidel |Questions &
Answers | Grade A| 100% Correct (Verified
Solutions)
QUESTION
Whatl isl thel majorl riskl ofl al non-synchronizingl cipher?
Answer:
ifl anyl partl ofl thel ciphertextl isl lost,l unablel tol rebuildl thel restl ofl thel cipherl streaml asl
thel currentl cipherl blockl isl basedl onl al previousl one.l Thesel buildl togetherl inl al chain,l
resultingl inl subsequentl blocksl beingl unablel tol bel decrypted.


QUESTION
Rainbowl tablel attack
Answer:
Al typel ofl passwordl attackl wherel anl attackerl usesl al setl ofl relatedl plaintextl passwordsl
andl theirl hashesl tol crackl passwords.


QUESTION
Tianhe-2l andl Titanl arel examplesl ofl what?
Answer:
Supercomputers


QUESTION
Whatl isl thel differencel betweenl OFBl andl CFBl withl regardl tol thel outputl froml al
previousl blockl fedl intol thel cipherl stagel ofl thel currentl block?
Answer:
OFBl currentl blockl takesl thel outputl fromthel cipherl stagel ofl thel previousl blockwhilel
CFBl currentl blockl takesl thel outputofl thel XORl processl ofl thel previousl block.


QUESTION

,Nonce
Answer:
Al numberl usedl once.l Cryptographyl elementsl frequentlyl usel al noncel tol addl randomness.


QUESTION
Parallell processing
Answer:
al computingl methodl thatl usesl multiplel processorsl tol simultaneouslyl managel separatel
partsl ofl al singlel task


QUESTION
Hashing
Answer:
One-wayl irreversiblel encryptionl usedl forl datal integrityl protectionl andl authentication,l
producingl al fixed-lengthl outputl froml al variable-lengthl input


QUESTION
Messagel digest
Answer:
Al digitall signaturel thatl uniquelyl identifiesl datal andl hasl thel propertyl suchl thatl changingl
al singlel bitl inl thel datal willl causel al completelyl differentl messagel digestl tol bel
generated.


QUESTION
Whatl arel threel importantl factorsl withl hashl signatures?
Answer:
Collision,l similarl context,l andl fulll context.


QUESTION
Collision
Answer:
Occursl whenl twol differentl inputsl producel thel samel hashl signature,l whichl canl bel
exploitedl inl collisionl attacks.


QUESTION
Similarl contextl (Pre-Imagel Attack)

,Answer:
Wherel partl ofl thel messagel hasl somel significancel tol thel originall andl generatesl thel
samel hashl signature.


QUESTION
Fulll context
Answer:
Wherel anl alternativel messagel isl createdl withl thel samel hashl signaturel andl hasl al directl
relationl tol thel originall message.l Thisl isl anl extensionl tol al Pre-imagel attack


QUESTION
Apache-definedl APR1l format
Answer:
addressesl thel problemsl ofl brutel forcingl anl MD5l hash,l andl basicallyl iteratesl thel hashl
valuel 1,000l times.


QUESTION
SHAl methodl weakness
Answer:
Passwordl storingl methodl doesl notl havel al saltedl value.l Thisl methodl producesl al 160-bitl
signature,l thusl canl containl al largerl setl ofl hashedl valuel thanl MD5,l butl becausel therel isl
nol saltl itl canl bel openl tol rainbowl tablel andl brutel forcel attacks.


QUESTION
HMAC
Answer:
Al messagel authenticationl codel thatl verifiesl messagel integrityl andl authenticationl byl
hashingl thel messagel withl al secretl key.


QUESTION
Onel Timel Passwordsl (OTP)
Answer:
Thisl allowsl al newl uniquel passwordl tol bel createdl forl eachl instance,l basedl onl anl initiall
seed


QUESTION

, Timedl Onel Timel Passwordl (TOTP)
Answer:
Thisl allowsl forl al newl uniquel passcodel tol bel createdl forl eachl instance,l basedl onl anl
initiall seedl andl forl al givenl timel period.


QUESTION
Hashedl Onel Timel Passwordl (HOTP).
Answer:
Thisl allowsl al newl uniquel passcodel tol bel createdl eachl instance,l basedl onl al counterl
valuel andl anl initiall seed.


QUESTION
Non-cryptographicl hashes
Answer:
Hashl functionsl intendedl forl applicationsl thatl dol notl needl thel rigorousl securityl
requirementsl ofl thel cryptographicl hashl functions.l Non-cryptographicl error-detectingl codesl
suchl asl cyclicl redundancyl checksl (CRC)l onlyl preventl againstl non-maliciousl alterationsl
ofl thel file.


QUESTION
Whatl arel twol hashingl orl encodingl methodsl usedl forl passwordsl inl Ciscol devices?
Answer:
Typel 5l &l 7


QUESTION
FIPSl 202
Answer:
thel standardl forl SHA-3,l Permutation-Basedl Hashandl Extendable-Outputl Functions,l andl
providesl revisionl tothel Applicabilityl Clausel ofl thel Securel Hashl Standard.


QUESTION
Bcrypt
Answer:
Al keyl stretchingl algorithm.l Itl isl usedl tol protectl passwords.l Bcryptl saltsl passwordsl withl
additionall bitsl beforel encryptingl theml withl Blowfish.l Thisl thwartsl rainbowl tablel attacks.