NR 507 FINAL EXAM ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2026 VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND DETAILED SOLUTIONS
◉ Causes of hypoparathyroidism. Answer: Injury to the parathyroid
glands during thyroid or neck surgery
Radioactive iodine treatment for hyperthyroidism
Very low magnesium level in the blood
Autoimmune attack on the parathyroid glands
◉ Pathophysiology of thyroid storm. Answer: Sudden release and
increased action of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)
exceeding metabolic demands.
◉ S/S thyrotoxicosis. Answer: -hyperthermia
-tachycardia
-high-output heart failure
-agitation or delirium; and
-nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea
◉ Dermatomes. Answer: an area of the skin supplied by nerves from
a single spinal root
,◉ Spinal Cord. Answer: a major part of the central nervous system
which conducts sensory and motor nerve impulses to and from the
brain
◉ Substance release at the synapse. Answer: At a chemical synapse,
one neuron releases neurotransmitter molecules into a small space
(the synaptic cleft) that is adjacent to another neuron. The
neurotransmitters are kept within small sacs called synaptic
vesicles, and are released into the synaptic cleft by exocytosis.
◉ Spondylolysis. Answer: stress fracture in the pars interarticularis
of the vertebral arch. The vast majority of cases occur in the lower
lumbar vertebrae (L5), but may also occur in the cervical vertebrae
◉ location of motor cortex. Answer: Frontal lobe anterior to the
central sulcus.
◉ Location of sensory cortex. Answer: Parietal Lobe posterior to the
central sulcus
◉ Excitotoxins. Answer: Chemicals that overstimulate the neuron
receptors;
impulses are fired at a rapid rate that it exhausts them; can lead to
seizure activity
, ◉ Agnosia. Answer: characterized by an inability to recognize and
identify objects and/or persons
◉ Accumulation of blood from subarachnoid hemorrhage. Answer:
leakage of blood into the space between the first and second
membranes surrounding the brain; causes pressure inside the skull
to increase, which can lead to brain damage and death.
◉ Most common cause of meningitis. Answer: Streptococcus
pneumoniae;
◉ S/S of Meningitis. Answer: Stiff neck; Headache
◉ Dietary prevention of prostate cancer. Answer: -Low fat diet
-fruits and vegetables
-decrease amount of dairy
-plant based diet
◉ Impact of BPH on the urinary system. Answer: -Results in Urethral
Obstruction; (Post renal Issue)
◉ Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Answer: -Contains the genetic
instructions for the development and function of living things.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2026 VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND DETAILED SOLUTIONS
◉ Causes of hypoparathyroidism. Answer: Injury to the parathyroid
glands during thyroid or neck surgery
Radioactive iodine treatment for hyperthyroidism
Very low magnesium level in the blood
Autoimmune attack on the parathyroid glands
◉ Pathophysiology of thyroid storm. Answer: Sudden release and
increased action of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)
exceeding metabolic demands.
◉ S/S thyrotoxicosis. Answer: -hyperthermia
-tachycardia
-high-output heart failure
-agitation or delirium; and
-nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea
◉ Dermatomes. Answer: an area of the skin supplied by nerves from
a single spinal root
,◉ Spinal Cord. Answer: a major part of the central nervous system
which conducts sensory and motor nerve impulses to and from the
brain
◉ Substance release at the synapse. Answer: At a chemical synapse,
one neuron releases neurotransmitter molecules into a small space
(the synaptic cleft) that is adjacent to another neuron. The
neurotransmitters are kept within small sacs called synaptic
vesicles, and are released into the synaptic cleft by exocytosis.
◉ Spondylolysis. Answer: stress fracture in the pars interarticularis
of the vertebral arch. The vast majority of cases occur in the lower
lumbar vertebrae (L5), but may also occur in the cervical vertebrae
◉ location of motor cortex. Answer: Frontal lobe anterior to the
central sulcus.
◉ Location of sensory cortex. Answer: Parietal Lobe posterior to the
central sulcus
◉ Excitotoxins. Answer: Chemicals that overstimulate the neuron
receptors;
impulses are fired at a rapid rate that it exhausts them; can lead to
seizure activity
, ◉ Agnosia. Answer: characterized by an inability to recognize and
identify objects and/or persons
◉ Accumulation of blood from subarachnoid hemorrhage. Answer:
leakage of blood into the space between the first and second
membranes surrounding the brain; causes pressure inside the skull
to increase, which can lead to brain damage and death.
◉ Most common cause of meningitis. Answer: Streptococcus
pneumoniae;
◉ S/S of Meningitis. Answer: Stiff neck; Headache
◉ Dietary prevention of prostate cancer. Answer: -Low fat diet
-fruits and vegetables
-decrease amount of dairy
-plant based diet
◉ Impact of BPH on the urinary system. Answer: -Results in Urethral
Obstruction; (Post renal Issue)
◉ Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Answer: -Contains the genetic
instructions for the development and function of living things.
