NUR 313 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
appendicitis, which can be elicited on physical examination.
As the pain increases, the affected individual often guards the
right lower quadrant by being immobile and drawing the legs up
in the fetal position to relieve tension on the abdominal muscles
Nausea
Vomiting
Anorexia
Constipation
Diarrhea
Chills
Positive psoas sign, rovsing sign, and obturator sign are
indicative of
Abdominal Pain
à Waves of sharp constricting pain that take the breath away.
Pain is worsened by movement.
Involuntary Guarding
à The patient's abdominal muscles contract with palpation.
Abdominal Rigidity
à The abdomen is stiff to the touch.
Rebound Tenderness
,à When the examiner deeply palpates the abdomen, pain is felt
by the patient as the examiner lifts his or her hand.
· Males > 45
· Females > 55
· Males > females
· After menopause female = male
· African American > Caucasians
· Family hx
· Sedentary lifestyle
· High total cholesterol
· High LDL
· Low HDL
· High triglycerides
· Smoking
· BMI > 30
· HTN
· DM
· Stress
Cardiovascular disease rx:
ALT
AST
The two lab values specific for hepatic injury are:
· Liver failure: abdominal pain, ascites, nausea & vomiting
· Jaundice
· Skin lesions
· Hematological
· Endocrine
,· Encephalopathy
· Ascites
Signs and Symptoms Late Phase Cirrhosis
Esophageal varices (hematemesis)
Someone with liver failure, they develop portal
hypertension. What puts them at risk for GI bleed?
Ammonia levels
Patient with end stage liver disease develops Hepatic
encephalopathy (is a decline in brain function that occurs as a
result of severe liver disease) and becomes confused, what's
elevated in the blood?
Developing atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and non-
cardia gastric adenocarcinoma
A person infected with helicobacter pylori is at a significant
risk for:
Peptic ulcer disease (Duodenal ulcer)
What is someone at risk of developing if they have or are
positive of H-pylori?
duodenal ulcer symptoms
Epigastric pain, beginning 30 minutes to 2 hours after eating
when the stomach is empty or in the middle of the night, is
consistent with which diagnosis?
} NSAIDs
can cause Peptic ulcer disease
, H. Pylori
} Protective mechanisms of the intestinal mucosal barrier are
damaged by
· Pain relief when eating
· Pain increases in the stomach 2 to 3 hours after eating
· Epigastric or upper abdominal pain
· Nocturnal epigastric pain
· Perforation of the stomach or intestinal wall à sudden,
excruciating abdominal pain, abdominal rigidity, pale skin,
hematemesis, and cold sweat
Sign and symptoms Duodenal Ulcer
· "burning/gaseous" pressure in L epigastrium (back and upper
abdomen)
· Pain (dyspepsia) 1-2 hour after meals
· More discomfort with food
· Nausea and vomiting (blood)
· Unexpected weight loss
Signs and Symptoms Gastric Ulcer:
· Memory loss
· Confusion
· Inability to manage a budget
· depression
· anxiety
· personality changes
· unpredictable quirks or behaviors
SOLUTIONS
appendicitis, which can be elicited on physical examination.
As the pain increases, the affected individual often guards the
right lower quadrant by being immobile and drawing the legs up
in the fetal position to relieve tension on the abdominal muscles
Nausea
Vomiting
Anorexia
Constipation
Diarrhea
Chills
Positive psoas sign, rovsing sign, and obturator sign are
indicative of
Abdominal Pain
à Waves of sharp constricting pain that take the breath away.
Pain is worsened by movement.
Involuntary Guarding
à The patient's abdominal muscles contract with palpation.
Abdominal Rigidity
à The abdomen is stiff to the touch.
Rebound Tenderness
,à When the examiner deeply palpates the abdomen, pain is felt
by the patient as the examiner lifts his or her hand.
· Males > 45
· Females > 55
· Males > females
· After menopause female = male
· African American > Caucasians
· Family hx
· Sedentary lifestyle
· High total cholesterol
· High LDL
· Low HDL
· High triglycerides
· Smoking
· BMI > 30
· HTN
· DM
· Stress
Cardiovascular disease rx:
ALT
AST
The two lab values specific for hepatic injury are:
· Liver failure: abdominal pain, ascites, nausea & vomiting
· Jaundice
· Skin lesions
· Hematological
· Endocrine
,· Encephalopathy
· Ascites
Signs and Symptoms Late Phase Cirrhosis
Esophageal varices (hematemesis)
Someone with liver failure, they develop portal
hypertension. What puts them at risk for GI bleed?
Ammonia levels
Patient with end stage liver disease develops Hepatic
encephalopathy (is a decline in brain function that occurs as a
result of severe liver disease) and becomes confused, what's
elevated in the blood?
Developing atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and non-
cardia gastric adenocarcinoma
A person infected with helicobacter pylori is at a significant
risk for:
Peptic ulcer disease (Duodenal ulcer)
What is someone at risk of developing if they have or are
positive of H-pylori?
duodenal ulcer symptoms
Epigastric pain, beginning 30 minutes to 2 hours after eating
when the stomach is empty or in the middle of the night, is
consistent with which diagnosis?
} NSAIDs
can cause Peptic ulcer disease
, H. Pylori
} Protective mechanisms of the intestinal mucosal barrier are
damaged by
· Pain relief when eating
· Pain increases in the stomach 2 to 3 hours after eating
· Epigastric or upper abdominal pain
· Nocturnal epigastric pain
· Perforation of the stomach or intestinal wall à sudden,
excruciating abdominal pain, abdominal rigidity, pale skin,
hematemesis, and cold sweat
Sign and symptoms Duodenal Ulcer
· "burning/gaseous" pressure in L epigastrium (back and upper
abdomen)
· Pain (dyspepsia) 1-2 hour after meals
· More discomfort with food
· Nausea and vomiting (blood)
· Unexpected weight loss
Signs and Symptoms Gastric Ulcer:
· Memory loss
· Confusion
· Inability to manage a budget
· depression
· anxiety
· personality changes
· unpredictable quirks or behaviors
