lOMoAR cPSD| 47061011
Fundamentals Final Exam Practice Questions
2026 | 2027 updated version
Question 1
A nurse is caring for a client receiving IV therapy in the left forearm and notices that the site is
red, swollen, and warm. Which of the following actions should the nurse perform first? A.
Insert an IV catheter in the opposite extremity.
B. Discontinue the existing IV infusion.
C. Apply warm, moist compresses to the site.
D. Elevate the extremity.
Question 2
A nurse is emptying a client’s urinal when she notices the urine is dark amber, cloudy, and has
an unpleasant odor. The nurse should identify that these findings are likely to be the result of
which of the following? A.
Urinary tract infection B. Urinary incontinence
C. Urinary frequency
D. Urinary retention
Question 3
A nurse is preparing to administer a bolus enteral feeding to a client who has a gastrostomy
tube. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? A. Measure stomach
contents.
B. Flush the tube with water.
C. Elevate the head of the bed.
D. Return gastric content into the gastrostomy tube.
Question 4
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) via an infusion
pump. When collecting data about the client receiving this therapy, which of the following
factors should the nurse monitor? A.
IV insertion site B. Height of the IV pole
C. The client's oral intake
D. Manifestations of hypoglycemia
Question 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has metabolic alkalosis. For which of the following clinical
manifestations should the nurse monitor? (Select all that apply.)
A. Shallow respirations
, lOMoAR cPSD| 47061011
B. Cardiac dysrhythmias
C. Flushing
D. Hyperactive reflexes
E. Abdominal pain
Question 6
A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching for a client who requires home oxygen therapy.
Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the client
needs further teaching?
A. "I will be able to tell how much oxygen I’m getting by looking at the
flowmeter."
B. "I should call my doctor if I find it harder to concentrate." C. "I will make
"I will wear synthetic clothing and woolen socks when using my oxygen."
sure my visitors smoke outside."
D.
Question 7
A client is receiving oxygen therapy via a nasal cannula. When the client asks the nurse why he needs
to have oxygen tubing in his nose, which of the following explanations about the cannula
should the nurse give him?
A. “It delivers a specific concentration of oxygen constantly.”
B.
“It “It delivers the low concentration of oxygen you need.”
delivers the highest concentration of oxygen possible.”
C.
D. “It allows you to remove it for a while when it gets uncomfortable.”
Question 8
A client receives the wrong medication in error. The nurse who made the medication error
should do which of the following first? A. Call the client’s provider.
B. Observe the client.
C. Notify the nurse manager.
D. Complete an incident report.
Question 9
The family of a client who has died unexpectedly arrives immediately after the death. Which of the
following actions should the
nurse Ask the family to return after the staff cleans the body. take? A.
B. Perform postmortem care so that the body is prepared for the funeral home.
C. Have a clergy member present when the family first sees the client.
, lOMoAR cPSD| 47061011
D. Allow the family to view the body privately.
Question 10
A nurse is caring for a client who has pneumonia. The client’s oxygen saturation is 85%.
Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? A. Increase the client’s
oral fluid intake.
B Initiate humidification therapy.
C Encourage the client to cough and deep breathe.
D. Raise the head of the bed.
Question 11
A nurse is collecting data from a client who has respiratory insufficiency. Which of the
following findings should the nurse identify as an early sign of inadequate oxygenation?
A. Diaphoresis
B. Retractions
C. Cyanosis
D. Restlessness
Question 12
A nurse is caring for a client who has a Clostridium difficile infection. Which of the following
cleansing agents should the nurse use for hand hygiene?
A. Chlorhexidine B.
Soap and water
Povidine-iodine
C.
D Alcohol-based antiseptic
Question 13
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a new group of assistive personnel (AP) about the
importance of hand hygiene. Which of the following statements should the nurse include?
A. "If you wear gloves,
"Make sure the clients wash their hands before they eat." disinfect the gloves after
use."
B.
C. "Use an alcohol rub when your hands are visibly soiled."
D. "If you don’t have an infection, your hands won’t infect others."
Question 14
Fundamentals Final Exam Practice Questions
2026 | 2027 updated version
Question 1
A nurse is caring for a client receiving IV therapy in the left forearm and notices that the site is
red, swollen, and warm. Which of the following actions should the nurse perform first? A.
Insert an IV catheter in the opposite extremity.
B. Discontinue the existing IV infusion.
C. Apply warm, moist compresses to the site.
D. Elevate the extremity.
Question 2
A nurse is emptying a client’s urinal when she notices the urine is dark amber, cloudy, and has
an unpleasant odor. The nurse should identify that these findings are likely to be the result of
which of the following? A.
Urinary tract infection B. Urinary incontinence
C. Urinary frequency
D. Urinary retention
Question 3
A nurse is preparing to administer a bolus enteral feeding to a client who has a gastrostomy
tube. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? A. Measure stomach
contents.
B. Flush the tube with water.
C. Elevate the head of the bed.
D. Return gastric content into the gastrostomy tube.
Question 4
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) via an infusion
pump. When collecting data about the client receiving this therapy, which of the following
factors should the nurse monitor? A.
IV insertion site B. Height of the IV pole
C. The client's oral intake
D. Manifestations of hypoglycemia
Question 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has metabolic alkalosis. For which of the following clinical
manifestations should the nurse monitor? (Select all that apply.)
A. Shallow respirations
, lOMoAR cPSD| 47061011
B. Cardiac dysrhythmias
C. Flushing
D. Hyperactive reflexes
E. Abdominal pain
Question 6
A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching for a client who requires home oxygen therapy.
Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the client
needs further teaching?
A. "I will be able to tell how much oxygen I’m getting by looking at the
flowmeter."
B. "I should call my doctor if I find it harder to concentrate." C. "I will make
"I will wear synthetic clothing and woolen socks when using my oxygen."
sure my visitors smoke outside."
D.
Question 7
A client is receiving oxygen therapy via a nasal cannula. When the client asks the nurse why he needs
to have oxygen tubing in his nose, which of the following explanations about the cannula
should the nurse give him?
A. “It delivers a specific concentration of oxygen constantly.”
B.
“It “It delivers the low concentration of oxygen you need.”
delivers the highest concentration of oxygen possible.”
C.
D. “It allows you to remove it for a while when it gets uncomfortable.”
Question 8
A client receives the wrong medication in error. The nurse who made the medication error
should do which of the following first? A. Call the client’s provider.
B. Observe the client.
C. Notify the nurse manager.
D. Complete an incident report.
Question 9
The family of a client who has died unexpectedly arrives immediately after the death. Which of the
following actions should the
nurse Ask the family to return after the staff cleans the body. take? A.
B. Perform postmortem care so that the body is prepared for the funeral home.
C. Have a clergy member present when the family first sees the client.
, lOMoAR cPSD| 47061011
D. Allow the family to view the body privately.
Question 10
A nurse is caring for a client who has pneumonia. The client’s oxygen saturation is 85%.
Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? A. Increase the client’s
oral fluid intake.
B Initiate humidification therapy.
C Encourage the client to cough and deep breathe.
D. Raise the head of the bed.
Question 11
A nurse is collecting data from a client who has respiratory insufficiency. Which of the
following findings should the nurse identify as an early sign of inadequate oxygenation?
A. Diaphoresis
B. Retractions
C. Cyanosis
D. Restlessness
Question 12
A nurse is caring for a client who has a Clostridium difficile infection. Which of the following
cleansing agents should the nurse use for hand hygiene?
A. Chlorhexidine B.
Soap and water
Povidine-iodine
C.
D Alcohol-based antiseptic
Question 13
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a new group of assistive personnel (AP) about the
importance of hand hygiene. Which of the following statements should the nurse include?
A. "If you wear gloves,
"Make sure the clients wash their hands before they eat." disinfect the gloves after
use."
B.
C. "Use an alcohol rub when your hands are visibly soiled."
D. "If you don’t have an infection, your hands won’t infect others."
Question 14
