GENERAL CHEMISTRY II (CHEM113)
ACS FINAL EXAM
The two states that are collectively known as the condensed states are _______. -
Correct Answers -solid and liquid
The attractive forces that exist between all molecules and atoms, and are the forces that
hold many solids and liquids together - Correct Answers -intermolecular forces
Intermolecular forces are only significant at _____. - Correct Answers -short distances
The state of a sample of matter is determined by the magnitude of __________. -
Correct Answers -the intermolecular forces present
Gases have a ___ density, ___ shape, and ____ volume. These qualities are due to
____ intermolecular forces. - Correct Answers -low, indefinite, indefinite.
weak
Liquids have a ___ density, ___ shape, and ___ volume. These qualities are due to ___
intermolecular forces. - Correct Answers -high, indefinite, definite
moderate
Solids have a ___ density, ___ shape, and ___ volume. These qualities are due to ___
intermolecular forces. - Correct Answers -hihgh, definite, definite
strong
Solids can be ___ or ___. - Correct Answers -Crystalline or amorphous
Amorphous solids are composed of atoms or molecules that exhibit ___. - Correct
Answers -no long range order
Crystalline solids are composed of atoms or molecules that exhibit ___. - Correct
Answers -definite order in a three dimensional array
What two things can be changed in order to transform one state of matter to another? -
Correct Answers -Temperature and pressure
In general, increases in pressure favor the ___ state. - Correct Answers -Denser
,Intermolecular forces originate from - Correct Answers -the interactions between
charges, partial charges, and temporary charges on molecules (or atoms and ions)
_____ Law states that the potential energy (E) of two oppositely charged particles with
charges q₁ and q₂ decreases (becomes more negative) with increasing magnitude of
charge and decreasing distance between the two particles - Correct Answers -
Coulomb's
Equation of Coulomb's Law is - Correct Answers -E = (1/4 πε)(q₁q₂/r)
Why are intermolecular forces much weaker than bonding forces? - Correct Answers -
Bonding forces are result of largue charges on protons and electrons interacting at very
close distances, and intermolecular forces are the result of smaller charges interacting
at greater distances
What are the four main types on intermolecular forces? - Correct Answers -Dispersion,
dipole-dipole, H+ bonding, and ion-dipole
Dispersion forces are the result of ___. - Correct Answers -fluctuations in the electron
distribution within molecules or atoms which induces a temporary (or instantaneous)
dipole
Dispersion forces are exhibited by ___ and increase with ___. - Correct Answers -
atoms/molecules
increasing mass
The magnitude of dispersion forces depends on how easily the electrons can ___. -
Correct Answers -move or polarize in response to an instantaneous dipole
A larger atom exhibits greater dispersion forces because - Correct Answers -the
electrons are held less tightly by the nucleus and therefore polarize more easily
Dispersion forces are directly related to not only mass but ___. This is due to the
molecules ability to ___. - Correct Answers -shape
stack efficiently
Dipole-dipole forces exist in all ___. - Correct Answers -Polar molecules
Dipole-dipole forces are due to the effects of a molecule's ___, which is due to ___. -
Correct Answers -permanent dipole
a molecule's partially positive and partial negative ends
Polarity of molecules determines their miscibility of liquids. What is miscibility? - Correct
Answers -the ability to mix wihtout separating into two states
, In general polar liquids are miscible with ____, but are not miscible with ____. - Correct
Answers -polar
nonpolar
Hydrogen bonding exists in all ___. - Correct Answers -molecules containing a
hydrogen atom directly bonded to a nitrogen, oxygen, or flourine
Hydrogen bonding is due to - Correct Answers -the large electronegativity differences
between the H+ and -F, -O, -N
A typical hydrogen "bond", despite it being the strongest intermolecular force, is only
about ____ as strong as a covalent chemical bond. - Correct Answers -2-5%
Ion-dipole forces occur when - Correct Answers -an ionic compound is mixed with a
polar compound
Ion-dipole are even stronger than ___ and are responsible for ___. - Correct Answers -
H+ bonding
ability of ionic substances to form solutions with water
What are the three important manifestations in liquids that are due to intermolecular
forces? - Correct Answers -Surface tension
Viscosity
Capillary action
Surface tension is - Correct Answers -the tendency for liquids to minimize their surface
area
Surface tension by definition is the - Correct Answers -energy required to increase the
surface area by a unit amount
As intermolecular forces decrease, surface tension ___. - Correct Answers -decreases
Viscosity is - Correct Answers -the resistance of a liquid to flow.
Viscosity is measured in a unit called the ___ and this unit is defined as ___. - Correct
Answers -poise (P)
1 g/cm*s
The viscosity of water at room temperature is approximately - Correct Answers -1 cP
As intermolecular forces increase, viscosity ___. - Correct Answers -increases
Viscosity also depends on temperature because - Correct Answers -thermal energy
overcomes the intermolecular forces, allowing molecules to flow past each other more
easily
ACS FINAL EXAM
The two states that are collectively known as the condensed states are _______. -
Correct Answers -solid and liquid
The attractive forces that exist between all molecules and atoms, and are the forces that
hold many solids and liquids together - Correct Answers -intermolecular forces
Intermolecular forces are only significant at _____. - Correct Answers -short distances
The state of a sample of matter is determined by the magnitude of __________. -
Correct Answers -the intermolecular forces present
Gases have a ___ density, ___ shape, and ____ volume. These qualities are due to
____ intermolecular forces. - Correct Answers -low, indefinite, indefinite.
weak
Liquids have a ___ density, ___ shape, and ___ volume. These qualities are due to ___
intermolecular forces. - Correct Answers -high, indefinite, definite
moderate
Solids have a ___ density, ___ shape, and ___ volume. These qualities are due to ___
intermolecular forces. - Correct Answers -hihgh, definite, definite
strong
Solids can be ___ or ___. - Correct Answers -Crystalline or amorphous
Amorphous solids are composed of atoms or molecules that exhibit ___. - Correct
Answers -no long range order
Crystalline solids are composed of atoms or molecules that exhibit ___. - Correct
Answers -definite order in a three dimensional array
What two things can be changed in order to transform one state of matter to another? -
Correct Answers -Temperature and pressure
In general, increases in pressure favor the ___ state. - Correct Answers -Denser
,Intermolecular forces originate from - Correct Answers -the interactions between
charges, partial charges, and temporary charges on molecules (or atoms and ions)
_____ Law states that the potential energy (E) of two oppositely charged particles with
charges q₁ and q₂ decreases (becomes more negative) with increasing magnitude of
charge and decreasing distance between the two particles - Correct Answers -
Coulomb's
Equation of Coulomb's Law is - Correct Answers -E = (1/4 πε)(q₁q₂/r)
Why are intermolecular forces much weaker than bonding forces? - Correct Answers -
Bonding forces are result of largue charges on protons and electrons interacting at very
close distances, and intermolecular forces are the result of smaller charges interacting
at greater distances
What are the four main types on intermolecular forces? - Correct Answers -Dispersion,
dipole-dipole, H+ bonding, and ion-dipole
Dispersion forces are the result of ___. - Correct Answers -fluctuations in the electron
distribution within molecules or atoms which induces a temporary (or instantaneous)
dipole
Dispersion forces are exhibited by ___ and increase with ___. - Correct Answers -
atoms/molecules
increasing mass
The magnitude of dispersion forces depends on how easily the electrons can ___. -
Correct Answers -move or polarize in response to an instantaneous dipole
A larger atom exhibits greater dispersion forces because - Correct Answers -the
electrons are held less tightly by the nucleus and therefore polarize more easily
Dispersion forces are directly related to not only mass but ___. This is due to the
molecules ability to ___. - Correct Answers -shape
stack efficiently
Dipole-dipole forces exist in all ___. - Correct Answers -Polar molecules
Dipole-dipole forces are due to the effects of a molecule's ___, which is due to ___. -
Correct Answers -permanent dipole
a molecule's partially positive and partial negative ends
Polarity of molecules determines their miscibility of liquids. What is miscibility? - Correct
Answers -the ability to mix wihtout separating into two states
, In general polar liquids are miscible with ____, but are not miscible with ____. - Correct
Answers -polar
nonpolar
Hydrogen bonding exists in all ___. - Correct Answers -molecules containing a
hydrogen atom directly bonded to a nitrogen, oxygen, or flourine
Hydrogen bonding is due to - Correct Answers -the large electronegativity differences
between the H+ and -F, -O, -N
A typical hydrogen "bond", despite it being the strongest intermolecular force, is only
about ____ as strong as a covalent chemical bond. - Correct Answers -2-5%
Ion-dipole forces occur when - Correct Answers -an ionic compound is mixed with a
polar compound
Ion-dipole are even stronger than ___ and are responsible for ___. - Correct Answers -
H+ bonding
ability of ionic substances to form solutions with water
What are the three important manifestations in liquids that are due to intermolecular
forces? - Correct Answers -Surface tension
Viscosity
Capillary action
Surface tension is - Correct Answers -the tendency for liquids to minimize their surface
area
Surface tension by definition is the - Correct Answers -energy required to increase the
surface area by a unit amount
As intermolecular forces decrease, surface tension ___. - Correct Answers -decreases
Viscosity is - Correct Answers -the resistance of a liquid to flow.
Viscosity is measured in a unit called the ___ and this unit is defined as ___. - Correct
Answers -poise (P)
1 g/cm*s
The viscosity of water at room temperature is approximately - Correct Answers -1 cP
As intermolecular forces increase, viscosity ___. - Correct Answers -increases
Viscosity also depends on temperature because - Correct Answers -thermal energy
overcomes the intermolecular forces, allowing molecules to flow past each other more
easily
