WGU C190 Objective Assessment: Biology Study
Examination (2025) – Questions and Answers – Updated
Version
Adaptation- - CORRECT ANSWER-The adjustment or changes in
behavior, physiology, and structure of an organism to become more suited
to an environment.
Aerobic- - CORRECT ANSWER-A process that requires oxygen.
Allele -An alternative form of a gene. An example would be genes that
encode eye color—some encode blue eyes (one allele), while others
encode brown, green, or hazel eye colors (other alleles). - CORRECT
ANSWER-
amino acids - - CORRECT ANSWER-A small organic molecule with the
structure of an amino group, a carboxylic acid group, and an "R" group,
which are all bonded to a single central carbon atom. The difference
between the "R" group is what distinguishes one amino acid from another.
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.
Anaerobic- - CORRECT ANSWER-A process that occurs without oxygen.
Anaphase- - CORRECT ANSWER-A stage within the mitosis phase of cell
division (also known as cell reproduction). Anaphase starts when sister
chromatids separate from each other and ends when each set of
separated, sister chromatids arrives at the opposite poles of the cell.
,anaphase I- - CORRECT ANSWER-The third stage of Meiosis I—the two
homologous chromosomes separate and migrate toward opposite poles.
anaphase II- - CORRECT ANSWER-The third stage in Meiosis II—the
centromeres separate and the sister chromatids (now individual
chromosomes) move toward the opposite poles of the cell.
artificial selection- - CORRECT ANSWER-Deliberate mating between two
individuals who were selected based on desired traits.
asexual reproduction - - CORRECT ANSWER-A type of reproduction
where genetically identical offspring are created from a single parent. This
type of reproduction does not utilize meiosis or gametes. Bacteria
and fungi are examples of organisms that reproduce in this manner. -
CORRECT ANSWER-
Atom- - CORRECT ANSWER-The basic unit of matter that cannot be
further broken down without losing its unique properties. One atom consists
of a dense nucleus surrounded by a cloud of electrons.
Autosomal- - CORRECT ANSWER-Describes a trait associated with alleles
located on autosomes (non sex chromosomes).
autosomal chromosome- - CORRECT ANSWER-A chromosome not
involved in sex determination.
,biogeochemical cycle- - CORRECT ANSWER-The processes that transfer
chemical elements between biotic and abiotic components in an
ecosystem. There are several main cycles: the water cycle, the carbon
cycle, the nitrogen cycle, and the phosphorus cycle.
Biome- - CORRECT ANSWER-A large naturally occurring community of
plants and animals occupying a major habitat. Examples include tropical
forest and arctic tundra.
Biomes- - CORRECT ANSWER-A pattern of distribution of ecosystems
across the globe, where similar environmental conditions lead to similar
animal and plant adaptations. Examples of biomes include tropical
rainforests, deserts, and tundra.
biosphere- - CORRECT ANSWER-All areas on, within, and around the
planet Earth that are capable of supporting life.
Calvin cycle (Calvin-Ben - CORRECT ANSWER-son cycle or light-
independent reaction)- The set of chemical reactions that take place in
chloroplasts during photosynthesis. The cycle is light-independent because
it takes place after the energy has been captured from sunlight. Also called
Calvin-Benson Cycle, Benson-Calvin Cycle.
Carbohydrates- - CORRECT ANSWER-The extracellular surface of the cell
membrane is decorated with carbohydrate groups attached to lipids and
proteins. These short carbohydrates play a role in giving a cell its identity
(i.e., distinguishing self from non-self) and are the distinguishing factor in
human blood types.
, carbon cycle- - CORRECT ANSWER-The biogeochemical cycle through
which carbon flows between the atmosphere, water, land, and ecosystems.
cell cycle- - CORRECT ANSWER-A series of phases in the life of the cell
through which it grows and divides.
cell wall- - CORRECT ANSWER-Protective and reinforcing structure found
in certain cells, situated outside the plasma membrane. Bacterial cell walls
are mainly built of peptidoglycan, although they may also contain lipidic
molecules. Among eukaryotes, plants and fungi possess cell walls, made of
cellulose and chitin, respectively.
cellular respiration- - CORRECT ANSWER-Use of oxygen to release
energy from nutrients; also called aerobic respiration.
Centromere- - CORRECT ANSWER-A specific section of a chromosome
where spindle fibers attach during cell division; also the connection point of
sister chromatids.
Chlorophyll- - CORRECT ANSWER-A plant pigment used to absorb light
energy for photosynthesis. Chlorophyll gives plants their green color
because it absorbs red and blue light particularly well, while reflecting
green.
Chloroplast- - CORRECT ANSWER-An organelle found in plants and
photosynthetic protists (single-celled eukaryotic organisms) that contain
pigments such as chlorophyl. Its primary function is to capture solar energy
and convert it into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis.
Chloroplast absorbs sunlight energy and uses the energy to power the
Examination (2025) – Questions and Answers – Updated
Version
Adaptation- - CORRECT ANSWER-The adjustment or changes in
behavior, physiology, and structure of an organism to become more suited
to an environment.
Aerobic- - CORRECT ANSWER-A process that requires oxygen.
Allele -An alternative form of a gene. An example would be genes that
encode eye color—some encode blue eyes (one allele), while others
encode brown, green, or hazel eye colors (other alleles). - CORRECT
ANSWER-
amino acids - - CORRECT ANSWER-A small organic molecule with the
structure of an amino group, a carboxylic acid group, and an "R" group,
which are all bonded to a single central carbon atom. The difference
between the "R" group is what distinguishes one amino acid from another.
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.
Anaerobic- - CORRECT ANSWER-A process that occurs without oxygen.
Anaphase- - CORRECT ANSWER-A stage within the mitosis phase of cell
division (also known as cell reproduction). Anaphase starts when sister
chromatids separate from each other and ends when each set of
separated, sister chromatids arrives at the opposite poles of the cell.
,anaphase I- - CORRECT ANSWER-The third stage of Meiosis I—the two
homologous chromosomes separate and migrate toward opposite poles.
anaphase II- - CORRECT ANSWER-The third stage in Meiosis II—the
centromeres separate and the sister chromatids (now individual
chromosomes) move toward the opposite poles of the cell.
artificial selection- - CORRECT ANSWER-Deliberate mating between two
individuals who were selected based on desired traits.
asexual reproduction - - CORRECT ANSWER-A type of reproduction
where genetically identical offspring are created from a single parent. This
type of reproduction does not utilize meiosis or gametes. Bacteria
and fungi are examples of organisms that reproduce in this manner. -
CORRECT ANSWER-
Atom- - CORRECT ANSWER-The basic unit of matter that cannot be
further broken down without losing its unique properties. One atom consists
of a dense nucleus surrounded by a cloud of electrons.
Autosomal- - CORRECT ANSWER-Describes a trait associated with alleles
located on autosomes (non sex chromosomes).
autosomal chromosome- - CORRECT ANSWER-A chromosome not
involved in sex determination.
,biogeochemical cycle- - CORRECT ANSWER-The processes that transfer
chemical elements between biotic and abiotic components in an
ecosystem. There are several main cycles: the water cycle, the carbon
cycle, the nitrogen cycle, and the phosphorus cycle.
Biome- - CORRECT ANSWER-A large naturally occurring community of
plants and animals occupying a major habitat. Examples include tropical
forest and arctic tundra.
Biomes- - CORRECT ANSWER-A pattern of distribution of ecosystems
across the globe, where similar environmental conditions lead to similar
animal and plant adaptations. Examples of biomes include tropical
rainforests, deserts, and tundra.
biosphere- - CORRECT ANSWER-All areas on, within, and around the
planet Earth that are capable of supporting life.
Calvin cycle (Calvin-Ben - CORRECT ANSWER-son cycle or light-
independent reaction)- The set of chemical reactions that take place in
chloroplasts during photosynthesis. The cycle is light-independent because
it takes place after the energy has been captured from sunlight. Also called
Calvin-Benson Cycle, Benson-Calvin Cycle.
Carbohydrates- - CORRECT ANSWER-The extracellular surface of the cell
membrane is decorated with carbohydrate groups attached to lipids and
proteins. These short carbohydrates play a role in giving a cell its identity
(i.e., distinguishing self from non-self) and are the distinguishing factor in
human blood types.
, carbon cycle- - CORRECT ANSWER-The biogeochemical cycle through
which carbon flows between the atmosphere, water, land, and ecosystems.
cell cycle- - CORRECT ANSWER-A series of phases in the life of the cell
through which it grows and divides.
cell wall- - CORRECT ANSWER-Protective and reinforcing structure found
in certain cells, situated outside the plasma membrane. Bacterial cell walls
are mainly built of peptidoglycan, although they may also contain lipidic
molecules. Among eukaryotes, plants and fungi possess cell walls, made of
cellulose and chitin, respectively.
cellular respiration- - CORRECT ANSWER-Use of oxygen to release
energy from nutrients; also called aerobic respiration.
Centromere- - CORRECT ANSWER-A specific section of a chromosome
where spindle fibers attach during cell division; also the connection point of
sister chromatids.
Chlorophyll- - CORRECT ANSWER-A plant pigment used to absorb light
energy for photosynthesis. Chlorophyll gives plants their green color
because it absorbs red and blue light particularly well, while reflecting
green.
Chloroplast- - CORRECT ANSWER-An organelle found in plants and
photosynthetic protists (single-celled eukaryotic organisms) that contain
pigments such as chlorophyl. Its primary function is to capture solar energy
and convert it into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis.
Chloroplast absorbs sunlight energy and uses the energy to power the
