TESTBANK l
PSYCHOLOGYlTHIRTEENTHlEDITION
DavidlG.lMyersl&lC.lNathanlDeWall
,Chapterl1:lThinkinglCriticallylwithlPsychologicallSciencel
Myers:lPsychologyl13thlEdition
MULTIPLElCHOICE
Indicatelthelanswerlchoicelthatlbestlcompleteslthelstatementlorlanswerslthelquestion.
Iflresultslarelstatisticallylsignificantlbutlhavelalsmallleffectlsize,lthelresultslmay
lacklpracticallsignificance.
lacklalcause-effectlrelationship.
representlalnegativelrelationship.
representlalneutrallrelationship.
Inlonelstudy,lintroductorylpsychologylstudentslwerelfittedlwithlelectronicallylactivatedlrecorderslsolthatlresear
cherslcouldlsampleltheirldailylactivities.lThelresearcherslwerelemployinglalscientificlmethodlknownlas
naturalisticlobservation.
theldouble-blindlprocedure.
experimentation.
thelcaselstudy.
Studieslconductedlinlthellatel1990slinlwhichlthelresearcherlconcludedlthatlchildrenlwholwereladministeredlthelM
MRlvaccinationldevelopedlautismlwere
withheldlfromlthelpubliclintentionally.
accurate.
neverlpublishedlbylacademicljournals.
discoveredltolbelfraudulent.
Sevenlmembersloflalboys'lclublreportedlthelfollowinglindividuallearningslfromltheirlsaleloflcookies:l$2,l$9,
$8,l$10,l$4,l$9,landl$7.lInlthisldistributionloflindividuallearnings
thelmedianlislgreaterlthanlthelmeanlandlgreaterlthanlthelmode.
thelmedianlisllesslthanlthelmeanlandllesslthanlthelmode.
thelmedianlislgreaterlthanlthelmeanlandllesslthanlthelmode.
thelmedianlisllesslthanlthelmeanlandlgreaterlthanlthelmode.
ProfessorlValettalbelieveslthatlidenticalltwinslhavelsimilarllevelsloflintelligencellargelylbecauseltheylsharelcom
monlgenes.lHislidealislbestldescribedlasla(n)
theory.
replication.
naturalisticlobservation.
operationalldefinition.
Thelidealthatl"people'slemotionslandlpersonallbeliefsloftenloverrideltheirlacceptanceloflobjectivelfacts"lislexpre
ssedlinltheldictionaryldefinitionlof
falselnews.
, post-truth.
powerfullexamples.
repetition.
ProfessorlTerrancelhaslconductedlalstudylthatlexaminedlthelrelationshiplbetweenllevelloflphysicallactivityandl
academiclperformancelamonglchildren.lHelislmostllikelyltoluse
toldetermineliflalrelationshiplexists.
meta-analysis
preregistration
alcorrelationlcoefficient
experimentallresearch
Theltendencyltolperceivelorderlinlrandomleventsloftenlleadsltoloverestimatinglthelvaluelof
commonlsense.
operationalldefinitions.
informedlconsent.
theldouble-blindlprocedure.
Dr.lCarlsonlwantsltolconductlalresearchlstudylthatlwilllexaminelthelsexuallbehaviorsloflcollegelstudents.
Beforelshelcanlbeginldatalcollectionlshelmustlsubmitlherlresearchlproposallto
herlinstitution'slreviewlboard.
thelAPA.
thelBPS.
herldepartmentlchairlforlreview.
Approximatelylwhatlpercentageloflthelcaseslrepresentedlbylthelnormallcurvelfalllbetween
3landl+3lstandardldeviationslfromlthelmean?
34
68
95
d.l100
Unconsciouslgutlfeelings,lor ,lprovide(s)lalsharplcontrastltolexplicit,lconsciouslreasoning.
theory
chance-basedlexplanation
commonlsense
naturalisticlobservation
Thelexplanatorylpowerloflalscientificltheorylislmostlcloselyllinkedltolitslcapacityltolgenerateltestable
assumptions.
correlations.
predictions.
variables.
Severallweekslafterlalpoliticallelection,lvotersloftenlexaggerateltheirlabilityltolhavelpredictedlthelelectionloutco
me.lThislbestlillustrates
, thelplaceboleffect.
randomlassignment.
wordingleffects.
hindsightlbias.
Repeatinglthelessenceloflalpreviouslresearchlstudyltolverifylwhetherlitslfindingslextendltolalnewlgrouploflresearc
hlparticipantslandltoldifferentlcircumstanceslislcalled
replication.
randomlsampling.
naturalisticlobservation.
theldouble-blindlprocedure.
WhatlwaslthelOxfordlEnglishlDictionary'slwordloflthelyearlinl2017?
falselnews
preregistration
post-truth
repetition
Neitherlthelresearcherslnorlthelparticipantslinlalstudyloflalweight-
losslpilllknowlwhichlparticipantslhavelactuallylreceivedlaldrugldesignedltolhelplweightllosslandlwhichlhavelrec
eivedlalplacebo.lThislinvestigationlinvolvesltheluselof
naturalisticlobservation.
randomlsampling.
theldouble-blindlprocedure.
replication.
Whichloflthelfollowinglcorrelationslbetweenlself-
esteemlandlphysicallappearancelwouldlenablelyoultolmostlaccuratelylpredictlphysicallappearancelfromlknowledgel
ofllevelloflself-esteem?
a.l +.60
b.l+.01
c.l –.10
d.l–.06
Whenlwelask,lforlexample,lhowlcloselylrelatedlarelthelintelligencelscoresloflfraternalltwins,lwelarelaskinglhowlstr
onglyltwo arelrelated.
experimentallgroups
controllgroups
variables
scatterplots
Whenlyoulreadlalbarlgraph,litlislmostlimportantlforlyoulto
mentallyltransformltheldatalintolalnormallcurve.
identifylthelvalueloflthelstandardldeviation.
notelthelrangelandlsizeloflthelscalelvalues.
PSYCHOLOGYlTHIRTEENTHlEDITION
DavidlG.lMyersl&lC.lNathanlDeWall
,Chapterl1:lThinkinglCriticallylwithlPsychologicallSciencel
Myers:lPsychologyl13thlEdition
MULTIPLElCHOICE
Indicatelthelanswerlchoicelthatlbestlcompleteslthelstatementlorlanswerslthelquestion.
Iflresultslarelstatisticallylsignificantlbutlhavelalsmallleffectlsize,lthelresultslmay
lacklpracticallsignificance.
lacklalcause-effectlrelationship.
representlalnegativelrelationship.
representlalneutrallrelationship.
Inlonelstudy,lintroductorylpsychologylstudentslwerelfittedlwithlelectronicallylactivatedlrecorderslsolthatlresear
cherslcouldlsampleltheirldailylactivities.lThelresearcherslwerelemployinglalscientificlmethodlknownlas
naturalisticlobservation.
theldouble-blindlprocedure.
experimentation.
thelcaselstudy.
Studieslconductedlinlthellatel1990slinlwhichlthelresearcherlconcludedlthatlchildrenlwholwereladministeredlthelM
MRlvaccinationldevelopedlautismlwere
withheldlfromlthelpubliclintentionally.
accurate.
neverlpublishedlbylacademicljournals.
discoveredltolbelfraudulent.
Sevenlmembersloflalboys'lclublreportedlthelfollowinglindividuallearningslfromltheirlsaleloflcookies:l$2,l$9,
$8,l$10,l$4,l$9,landl$7.lInlthisldistributionloflindividuallearnings
thelmedianlislgreaterlthanlthelmeanlandlgreaterlthanlthelmode.
thelmedianlisllesslthanlthelmeanlandllesslthanlthelmode.
thelmedianlislgreaterlthanlthelmeanlandllesslthanlthelmode.
thelmedianlisllesslthanlthelmeanlandlgreaterlthanlthelmode.
ProfessorlValettalbelieveslthatlidenticalltwinslhavelsimilarllevelsloflintelligencellargelylbecauseltheylsharelcom
monlgenes.lHislidealislbestldescribedlasla(n)
theory.
replication.
naturalisticlobservation.
operationalldefinition.
Thelidealthatl"people'slemotionslandlpersonallbeliefsloftenloverrideltheirlacceptanceloflobjectivelfacts"lislexpre
ssedlinltheldictionaryldefinitionlof
falselnews.
, post-truth.
powerfullexamples.
repetition.
ProfessorlTerrancelhaslconductedlalstudylthatlexaminedlthelrelationshiplbetweenllevelloflphysicallactivityandl
academiclperformancelamonglchildren.lHelislmostllikelyltoluse
toldetermineliflalrelationshiplexists.
meta-analysis
preregistration
alcorrelationlcoefficient
experimentallresearch
Theltendencyltolperceivelorderlinlrandomleventsloftenlleadsltoloverestimatinglthelvaluelof
commonlsense.
operationalldefinitions.
informedlconsent.
theldouble-blindlprocedure.
Dr.lCarlsonlwantsltolconductlalresearchlstudylthatlwilllexaminelthelsexuallbehaviorsloflcollegelstudents.
Beforelshelcanlbeginldatalcollectionlshelmustlsubmitlherlresearchlproposallto
herlinstitution'slreviewlboard.
thelAPA.
thelBPS.
herldepartmentlchairlforlreview.
Approximatelylwhatlpercentageloflthelcaseslrepresentedlbylthelnormallcurvelfalllbetween
3landl+3lstandardldeviationslfromlthelmean?
34
68
95
d.l100
Unconsciouslgutlfeelings,lor ,lprovide(s)lalsharplcontrastltolexplicit,lconsciouslreasoning.
theory
chance-basedlexplanation
commonlsense
naturalisticlobservation
Thelexplanatorylpowerloflalscientificltheorylislmostlcloselyllinkedltolitslcapacityltolgenerateltestable
assumptions.
correlations.
predictions.
variables.
Severallweekslafterlalpoliticallelection,lvotersloftenlexaggerateltheirlabilityltolhavelpredictedlthelelectionloutco
me.lThislbestlillustrates
, thelplaceboleffect.
randomlassignment.
wordingleffects.
hindsightlbias.
Repeatinglthelessenceloflalpreviouslresearchlstudyltolverifylwhetherlitslfindingslextendltolalnewlgrouploflresearc
hlparticipantslandltoldifferentlcircumstanceslislcalled
replication.
randomlsampling.
naturalisticlobservation.
theldouble-blindlprocedure.
WhatlwaslthelOxfordlEnglishlDictionary'slwordloflthelyearlinl2017?
falselnews
preregistration
post-truth
repetition
Neitherlthelresearcherslnorlthelparticipantslinlalstudyloflalweight-
losslpilllknowlwhichlparticipantslhavelactuallylreceivedlaldrugldesignedltolhelplweightllosslandlwhichlhavelrec
eivedlalplacebo.lThislinvestigationlinvolvesltheluselof
naturalisticlobservation.
randomlsampling.
theldouble-blindlprocedure.
replication.
Whichloflthelfollowinglcorrelationslbetweenlself-
esteemlandlphysicallappearancelwouldlenablelyoultolmostlaccuratelylpredictlphysicallappearancelfromlknowledgel
ofllevelloflself-esteem?
a.l +.60
b.l+.01
c.l –.10
d.l–.06
Whenlwelask,lforlexample,lhowlcloselylrelatedlarelthelintelligencelscoresloflfraternalltwins,lwelarelaskinglhowlstr
onglyltwo arelrelated.
experimentallgroups
controllgroups
variables
scatterplots
Whenlyoulreadlalbarlgraph,litlislmostlimportantlforlyoulto
mentallyltransformltheldatalintolalnormallcurve.
identifylthelvalueloflthelstandardldeviation.
notelthelrangelandlsizeloflthelscalelvalues.
