HAZMAT OPERATIONS 2026 EXAMINATION SET
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Contamination - ✔✔The process of transferring a hazardous material from its source
to people, animals, the environment, or equipment, all of which can act as carriers for
the material.
✔✔Convulsant - ✔✔A chemical capable of causing convulsions or seizures when
absorbed by the body.
✔✔Corrosivity - ✔✔The ability of a material to cause damage (on contact) to skin, eyes,
or other parts on the body.
✔✔Expansion Ratio - ✔✔the ratio of the volume increase that occurs when a liquid
material changes to a gas.
✔✔Exposure - ✔✔The process by which people, animals, the environment, and
equipment are subjected to or come in contact with a hazardous material.
✔✔Fire Point - ✔✔The lowest temperature at which a liquid will ignite and achieve
sustained burning when exposed to an ignition source. (NFPA 704)
✔✔Flammable Range - ✔✔The range of concentrations between the LFL and UFL.
(NFPA 68)`
✔✔Flammable Vapor - ✔✔A concentration of constituent in air that exceeds 10% of its
LFL (NFPA 115).
✔✔Flash point - ✔✔The minimum temperature at which a liquid fuel gives off sufficient
vapor that, when an ignition source is present, will result in a flash fire.
✔✔Gamma Rays - ✔✔a type of radiation that can travel significant distances,
penetrating most materials and passing through the body. The most destructive type of
radiation to the human body.
✔✔Hazard - ✔✔Capable of causing harm.
✔✔HEPA filter - ✔✔High Efficiency Particulate Air filter; a filter capable of catching
particles down to 0.3-micron size - much smaller than a typical dust or alpha radiation
particle.
✔✔Ignition (autoignition) temperature - ✔✔The minimum temperature at which a fuel,
when heated, will ignite in air and continue to burn.
,✔✔Ingestion - ✔✔Exposure to a hazardous material by swallowing it.
✔✔Inhalation - ✔✔Exposure to a hazardous material by breathing it into the lungs.
✔✔Injection - ✔✔Exposure to a hazardous material by entering cuts or other breaches
in the skin.
✔✔Ionizing radiation - ✔✔Radiation of sufficient energy to alter the atomic structure of
materials or cells with which it interacts, including electromagnetic radiation such as X-
rays, alpha particle, beta particles, gamma rays, and microwaves.
✔✔Irritant - ✔✔A substance such as mace that can be dispersed to incapacitate a
person or groups of people briefly.
✔✔Lewisite - ✔✔A blister-forming agent that is an oily, colorless to dark brown liquid
with an odor of geraniums. Pain is immediate.
✔✔LFL - ✔✔Lower Flammability Limit; the minimum amount of vapor needed to cause
ignition.
✔✔Nerve Agent - ✔✔A toxic substance that attacks the central nervous system in
humans.
✔✔Neutron - ✔✔A penetrating particle found in the nucleus of the atom that is removed
through nuclear fusion or fission. Exposures to neutrons can create radiation.
✔✔pH - ✔✔Potential for hydrogen; a measure of the acidity or basic nature of a
material; an expression of the concentration of hydrogen ions in the substance.
✔✔Physical Change - ✔✔a transformation in which a material changes its state of
matter - for instance from a liquid to a solid.
✔✔Pulmonary Edema - ✔✔Fluid buildup in the lungs
✔✔Radiation - ✔✔The emission and propagation of energy through matter or space by
means of electromagnetic disturbances that display both wave-like and particle-like
behavior. (NFPA 801)
✔✔Radioactive Isotope - ✔✔An atom that has unequal numbers of protons and
neutrons in the nucleus that emits radioactivity.
✔✔Radioactivity - ✔✔The spontaneous decay or disintegration of an unstable atomic
nucleus accompanied by the emission of radiation. (NFPA 801)
, ✔✔Sarin - ✔✔A nerve agent that when dispersed sends droplets in the air that when
inhaled, harm intended victims.
✔✔Secondary Contamination - ✔✔The process by which a contaminant is carried out of
the hot zone and contaminates people, animals, the environment, and equipment.
✔✔Sensitizer - ✔✔A chemical that causes a large portion of people or animals to
develop an allergic reaction after repeated exposure to the substance.
✔✔Specific Gravity - ✔✔The weight of a liquid and the weight of water, where water is
assigned an index value of 1.
✔✔State of matter - ✔✔The physical state of a material - solid, liquid, or gas.
✔✔Sulfur mustard - ✔✔Blister Agent - A clear, yellow, or amber oily liquid with a faint,
sweet odor of mustard or garlic that can be dispersed in an aerosal form.
Decontamination will not help.
✔✔Toxic - ✔✔A property of any chemical that has the capacity to produce injury to
workers, which is dependent on concentration, rate, method, and site of absorption.
✔✔Toxicology - ✔✔The study of the adverse effect of chemical or physical agents on
living organisms.
✔✔Toxic product of combustion - ✔✔A hazardous chemical compound that is released
when a material decomposes under heat.
✔✔TRACEMP - ✔✔An acronym to help remember the effect of WMDs; Thermal,
Radiation, Asphyxiant, Chemical, Etiologic, Mechanical, Psychogenic.
✔✔UFL - ✔✔Upper flammability limit; The amount of flammable vapor needed to keep a
fire burning.
✔✔Vapor - ✔✔The gas phase of a substance, particularly of those that are normally
liquids or solids at ordinary temperatures.
✔✔Vapor Density - ✔✔The pressure, measured in pounds per square inch, exerted by
a liquid.
✔✔HA HA MICEN - ✔✔mnemonic to remember a number of lighter-than-air gases.
Hydrogen, Acetylene, Helium, Ammonia, Methane, Illuminating gas, Carbon Monoxide,
Ethylene, Nitrogen.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Contamination - ✔✔The process of transferring a hazardous material from its source
to people, animals, the environment, or equipment, all of which can act as carriers for
the material.
✔✔Convulsant - ✔✔A chemical capable of causing convulsions or seizures when
absorbed by the body.
✔✔Corrosivity - ✔✔The ability of a material to cause damage (on contact) to skin, eyes,
or other parts on the body.
✔✔Expansion Ratio - ✔✔the ratio of the volume increase that occurs when a liquid
material changes to a gas.
✔✔Exposure - ✔✔The process by which people, animals, the environment, and
equipment are subjected to or come in contact with a hazardous material.
✔✔Fire Point - ✔✔The lowest temperature at which a liquid will ignite and achieve
sustained burning when exposed to an ignition source. (NFPA 704)
✔✔Flammable Range - ✔✔The range of concentrations between the LFL and UFL.
(NFPA 68)`
✔✔Flammable Vapor - ✔✔A concentration of constituent in air that exceeds 10% of its
LFL (NFPA 115).
✔✔Flash point - ✔✔The minimum temperature at which a liquid fuel gives off sufficient
vapor that, when an ignition source is present, will result in a flash fire.
✔✔Gamma Rays - ✔✔a type of radiation that can travel significant distances,
penetrating most materials and passing through the body. The most destructive type of
radiation to the human body.
✔✔Hazard - ✔✔Capable of causing harm.
✔✔HEPA filter - ✔✔High Efficiency Particulate Air filter; a filter capable of catching
particles down to 0.3-micron size - much smaller than a typical dust or alpha radiation
particle.
✔✔Ignition (autoignition) temperature - ✔✔The minimum temperature at which a fuel,
when heated, will ignite in air and continue to burn.
,✔✔Ingestion - ✔✔Exposure to a hazardous material by swallowing it.
✔✔Inhalation - ✔✔Exposure to a hazardous material by breathing it into the lungs.
✔✔Injection - ✔✔Exposure to a hazardous material by entering cuts or other breaches
in the skin.
✔✔Ionizing radiation - ✔✔Radiation of sufficient energy to alter the atomic structure of
materials or cells with which it interacts, including electromagnetic radiation such as X-
rays, alpha particle, beta particles, gamma rays, and microwaves.
✔✔Irritant - ✔✔A substance such as mace that can be dispersed to incapacitate a
person or groups of people briefly.
✔✔Lewisite - ✔✔A blister-forming agent that is an oily, colorless to dark brown liquid
with an odor of geraniums. Pain is immediate.
✔✔LFL - ✔✔Lower Flammability Limit; the minimum amount of vapor needed to cause
ignition.
✔✔Nerve Agent - ✔✔A toxic substance that attacks the central nervous system in
humans.
✔✔Neutron - ✔✔A penetrating particle found in the nucleus of the atom that is removed
through nuclear fusion or fission. Exposures to neutrons can create radiation.
✔✔pH - ✔✔Potential for hydrogen; a measure of the acidity or basic nature of a
material; an expression of the concentration of hydrogen ions in the substance.
✔✔Physical Change - ✔✔a transformation in which a material changes its state of
matter - for instance from a liquid to a solid.
✔✔Pulmonary Edema - ✔✔Fluid buildup in the lungs
✔✔Radiation - ✔✔The emission and propagation of energy through matter or space by
means of electromagnetic disturbances that display both wave-like and particle-like
behavior. (NFPA 801)
✔✔Radioactive Isotope - ✔✔An atom that has unequal numbers of protons and
neutrons in the nucleus that emits radioactivity.
✔✔Radioactivity - ✔✔The spontaneous decay or disintegration of an unstable atomic
nucleus accompanied by the emission of radiation. (NFPA 801)
, ✔✔Sarin - ✔✔A nerve agent that when dispersed sends droplets in the air that when
inhaled, harm intended victims.
✔✔Secondary Contamination - ✔✔The process by which a contaminant is carried out of
the hot zone and contaminates people, animals, the environment, and equipment.
✔✔Sensitizer - ✔✔A chemical that causes a large portion of people or animals to
develop an allergic reaction after repeated exposure to the substance.
✔✔Specific Gravity - ✔✔The weight of a liquid and the weight of water, where water is
assigned an index value of 1.
✔✔State of matter - ✔✔The physical state of a material - solid, liquid, or gas.
✔✔Sulfur mustard - ✔✔Blister Agent - A clear, yellow, or amber oily liquid with a faint,
sweet odor of mustard or garlic that can be dispersed in an aerosal form.
Decontamination will not help.
✔✔Toxic - ✔✔A property of any chemical that has the capacity to produce injury to
workers, which is dependent on concentration, rate, method, and site of absorption.
✔✔Toxicology - ✔✔The study of the adverse effect of chemical or physical agents on
living organisms.
✔✔Toxic product of combustion - ✔✔A hazardous chemical compound that is released
when a material decomposes under heat.
✔✔TRACEMP - ✔✔An acronym to help remember the effect of WMDs; Thermal,
Radiation, Asphyxiant, Chemical, Etiologic, Mechanical, Psychogenic.
✔✔UFL - ✔✔Upper flammability limit; The amount of flammable vapor needed to keep a
fire burning.
✔✔Vapor - ✔✔The gas phase of a substance, particularly of those that are normally
liquids or solids at ordinary temperatures.
✔✔Vapor Density - ✔✔The pressure, measured in pounds per square inch, exerted by
a liquid.
✔✔HA HA MICEN - ✔✔mnemonic to remember a number of lighter-than-air gases.
Hydrogen, Acetylene, Helium, Ammonia, Methane, Illuminating gas, Carbon Monoxide,
Ethylene, Nitrogen.
