BIOS 251 Final Questions and Correct Answers
| Graded A+ | Latest Update 2026/2027 | A+
Pass!!
Components of the homeostatic control loop
🗸🗸🗸: receptor, control center, effector
Negative feedback
🗸🗸🗸: -works to oppose change
-brings condition back to a set point
Positive feedback
🗸🗸🗸: -works to enhance change
-brings condition further away from a set point
Tonicity
🗸🗸🗸: relates to how the solution influences the shape of body cells
Hypertonic solution
🗸🗸🗸: RBC undergoes crenation (shrinking)
Osmosis
1|Page
,🗸🗸🗸: -concentration of solutes per liter
-water moves from high concentration of water to low concentration of water
Factors that influence diffusion across a cell membrane
🗸🗸🗸: -steepness of concentration gradient
-temperature
-mass of diffusing substance
-surface area
-diffusion distance
Hypotonic solution
🗸🗸🗸: RBC undergoes hemolysis (swelling)
Passive processes that move substances across the cell membrane
🗸🗸🗸: -Simple diffusion
-Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis processes that move substances across the cell membrane
🗸🗸🗸: -Active processes
-Active transport
-Vesicular transport
2|Page
, Primary active transport
🗸🗸🗸: energy derived from ATP changes the shape of a transporter protein which
pumps a substance across a plasma membrane against its concentration gradient
Types of active transport in vesicles
🗸🗸🗸: -endocytosis
-phagocytosis
-pinocytosis
-exocytosis
-transocytosis
Endocytosis
🗸🗸🗸: cell takes up specific ligands that bind to cell surface receptors into a vesicle
Phagocytosis
🗸🗸🗸: -cell engulfs large particles such as old cell parts, viruses, bacteria
-used by many immune system cells
Pinocytosis
🗸🗸🗸: -cells take up small droplets of ECF
-no receptors involved
3|Page
| Graded A+ | Latest Update 2026/2027 | A+
Pass!!
Components of the homeostatic control loop
🗸🗸🗸: receptor, control center, effector
Negative feedback
🗸🗸🗸: -works to oppose change
-brings condition back to a set point
Positive feedback
🗸🗸🗸: -works to enhance change
-brings condition further away from a set point
Tonicity
🗸🗸🗸: relates to how the solution influences the shape of body cells
Hypertonic solution
🗸🗸🗸: RBC undergoes crenation (shrinking)
Osmosis
1|Page
,🗸🗸🗸: -concentration of solutes per liter
-water moves from high concentration of water to low concentration of water
Factors that influence diffusion across a cell membrane
🗸🗸🗸: -steepness of concentration gradient
-temperature
-mass of diffusing substance
-surface area
-diffusion distance
Hypotonic solution
🗸🗸🗸: RBC undergoes hemolysis (swelling)
Passive processes that move substances across the cell membrane
🗸🗸🗸: -Simple diffusion
-Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis processes that move substances across the cell membrane
🗸🗸🗸: -Active processes
-Active transport
-Vesicular transport
2|Page
, Primary active transport
🗸🗸🗸: energy derived from ATP changes the shape of a transporter protein which
pumps a substance across a plasma membrane against its concentration gradient
Types of active transport in vesicles
🗸🗸🗸: -endocytosis
-phagocytosis
-pinocytosis
-exocytosis
-transocytosis
Endocytosis
🗸🗸🗸: cell takes up specific ligands that bind to cell surface receptors into a vesicle
Phagocytosis
🗸🗸🗸: -cell engulfs large particles such as old cell parts, viruses, bacteria
-used by many immune system cells
Pinocytosis
🗸🗸🗸: -cells take up small droplets of ECF
-no receptors involved
3|Page
