NSG 500 EXAM 2 2026 FINAL REVIEW EXAM
◉ near vision test. Answer: patient holds card 14 inches from the
eye and reads the chart - with glasses on. This test is for patients
with poor eye sight. Test results should read "14/14" (Jaeger card is
used)
◉ far vision test. Answer: 20 feet with Snellen chart
◉ Opthalmascope use. Answer: keep light to brightest and Whitest
(ignore colors) and circular (not the slits)
look for red reflex, optic disc and macula
◉ strabismus. Answer: crossed eyes
(stroke, head injury, graves disease)
◉ Psuedostrabismus. Answer: Appearance of strabismus caused by
epicanthal folds
normal in babies
◉ cobblestoning. Answer: a lumpy appearance of the pharynx
typically self-limiting if due to a viral cause
,◉ Weber test. Answer: hearing test using a tuning fork;
distinguishes between conductive and sensorineural hearing loss
Normal hearing will produce equal sound in both ears.
Conductive loss will cause the sound to be heard best in the
abnormal ear.
Sensorineural loss will cause the sound to be heard best in the
normal ear.
◉ Rhine test. Answer: Normal hearing will show an air conduction
time that is twice as long as the bone conduction time. In other
words, you will hear the sound next to your ear twice as long as you
will hear the sound behind your ear.
If you have conductive hearing loss, the bone conduction is heard
longer than the air conduction sound.
If you have sensorineural hearing loss, air conduction is heard
longer than bone conduction, but may not be twice as long.
◉ tonsil grading. Answer: 1+ visible
2+ halfway between tonsillar pillars and uvula
3+ touching the uvula
4+ touching each other
, ◉ TM rupture. Answer: symp: hearing loss, tinnitus, pain, dizziness,
otorhea
tx: most heal on own. 5% require aids
◉ symptoms of obstruction below glottis. Answer: a cough, stridor
or noisy breathing, difficulty breathing, and respiratory distress.
◉ symptoms of obstruction above glottis. Answer: noisy breathing,
recurrent croup, polyps
◉ ear exam. Answer: 3+ adult auricle UP/back
peds auricle DOWN/back
Tympanic membrane: translucent, shiny, light gray, taut, say
"ah"=intact/vibrates
Hearing: whisper, Weber (bone conduction=top of head), Rinne
(sound conduction=mastoid bone)
Geriatrics: ear lobes pendulous, presbycusis at 50, slowly
progressive
◉ Cataract:
Risk factors/Causes. Answer: Age: 50% of those over 65 have one,
nearly 100% over 70
Trauma
◉ near vision test. Answer: patient holds card 14 inches from the
eye and reads the chart - with glasses on. This test is for patients
with poor eye sight. Test results should read "14/14" (Jaeger card is
used)
◉ far vision test. Answer: 20 feet with Snellen chart
◉ Opthalmascope use. Answer: keep light to brightest and Whitest
(ignore colors) and circular (not the slits)
look for red reflex, optic disc and macula
◉ strabismus. Answer: crossed eyes
(stroke, head injury, graves disease)
◉ Psuedostrabismus. Answer: Appearance of strabismus caused by
epicanthal folds
normal in babies
◉ cobblestoning. Answer: a lumpy appearance of the pharynx
typically self-limiting if due to a viral cause
,◉ Weber test. Answer: hearing test using a tuning fork;
distinguishes between conductive and sensorineural hearing loss
Normal hearing will produce equal sound in both ears.
Conductive loss will cause the sound to be heard best in the
abnormal ear.
Sensorineural loss will cause the sound to be heard best in the
normal ear.
◉ Rhine test. Answer: Normal hearing will show an air conduction
time that is twice as long as the bone conduction time. In other
words, you will hear the sound next to your ear twice as long as you
will hear the sound behind your ear.
If you have conductive hearing loss, the bone conduction is heard
longer than the air conduction sound.
If you have sensorineural hearing loss, air conduction is heard
longer than bone conduction, but may not be twice as long.
◉ tonsil grading. Answer: 1+ visible
2+ halfway between tonsillar pillars and uvula
3+ touching the uvula
4+ touching each other
, ◉ TM rupture. Answer: symp: hearing loss, tinnitus, pain, dizziness,
otorhea
tx: most heal on own. 5% require aids
◉ symptoms of obstruction below glottis. Answer: a cough, stridor
or noisy breathing, difficulty breathing, and respiratory distress.
◉ symptoms of obstruction above glottis. Answer: noisy breathing,
recurrent croup, polyps
◉ ear exam. Answer: 3+ adult auricle UP/back
peds auricle DOWN/back
Tympanic membrane: translucent, shiny, light gray, taut, say
"ah"=intact/vibrates
Hearing: whisper, Weber (bone conduction=top of head), Rinne
(sound conduction=mastoid bone)
Geriatrics: ear lobes pendulous, presbycusis at 50, slowly
progressive
◉ Cataract:
Risk factors/Causes. Answer: Age: 50% of those over 65 have one,
nearly 100% over 70
Trauma
