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1st AAO Exam Study Guide
Questions with Detailed Verified
Answers
Transverse Ans: Rotation on the vertical axis
Frontal Ans: Abduction/Adduction on the sagittal axis
Sagittal Ans: Flexion/Extension on the frontal axis
What are the Anatomical Positions Ans: Medial
Lateral
Anterior
Posterior
Proximal
Distal
Superior
Inferior
What is Medial? Ans: midline of the body
What is lateral? Ans: Away from the midline of the body
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What is Anterior? Ans: front of the body
What is posterior? Ans: back of body
What is proximal? Ans: Closer (personal)
Your elbow is proximal to your shoulder
What is distal? Ans: Further away -
While your elbow is proximal to your shoulder your wrist is distal
from your shoulder
What is Flexion? Ans: Action of bending ex. flexing head =
bending head down.
What action requires flexion? Ans: Buckling pants
Tying shoes
Putting on a belt
Extension Ans: Straightening of a joint
What action requires extension Ans: Looking up at the sky
Extending your arm to grab something
Painting the ceiling
What is rotation? Ans: movement of a bone around its longitudinal
axis - Transverse plane
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What is lateral flexion? Ans: Movement of the body going side to
side
What is an example of lateral flexion? Ans: Moving your head from
shoulder to shoulder
Moving your body from side to side
Adduction Ans: Movement toward the midline of the body
Abduction Ans: Movement away from the midline of the body
What is the axial skeleton? Ans: bones of skull, vertebral column,
sternum, and ribs (thoracic cavity)
What is the appendicular skeleton? Ans: arms, legs, pelvis
What are the structures of bones? Ans: *Epiphysis: is the area at
each end of a long bone
*Diaphysis (see Fig. 2-3) is the main shaft of bone
*Endosteum: is a membrane that lines the medullary canal
*Metaphysis is the flared part of the bone that serves as a
transition from the end of each diaphysis to each epiphysis
What is the periosteum? Ans: (Located outside the bone) thin
fibrous membrane covering all of the bone except the articular
surfaces, which are covered with hyaline cartilage. The
periosteum contains nerves as well as blood vessels that are
important in providing nourishment, promoting growth in the
1st AAO Exam Study Guide
Questions with Detailed Verified
Answers
Transverse Ans: Rotation on the vertical axis
Frontal Ans: Abduction/Adduction on the sagittal axis
Sagittal Ans: Flexion/Extension on the frontal axis
What are the Anatomical Positions Ans: Medial
Lateral
Anterior
Posterior
Proximal
Distal
Superior
Inferior
What is Medial? Ans: midline of the body
What is lateral? Ans: Away from the midline of the body
, Page | 2
What is Anterior? Ans: front of the body
What is posterior? Ans: back of body
What is proximal? Ans: Closer (personal)
Your elbow is proximal to your shoulder
What is distal? Ans: Further away -
While your elbow is proximal to your shoulder your wrist is distal
from your shoulder
What is Flexion? Ans: Action of bending ex. flexing head =
bending head down.
What action requires flexion? Ans: Buckling pants
Tying shoes
Putting on a belt
Extension Ans: Straightening of a joint
What action requires extension Ans: Looking up at the sky
Extending your arm to grab something
Painting the ceiling
What is rotation? Ans: movement of a bone around its longitudinal
axis - Transverse plane
, Page | 3
What is lateral flexion? Ans: Movement of the body going side to
side
What is an example of lateral flexion? Ans: Moving your head from
shoulder to shoulder
Moving your body from side to side
Adduction Ans: Movement toward the midline of the body
Abduction Ans: Movement away from the midline of the body
What is the axial skeleton? Ans: bones of skull, vertebral column,
sternum, and ribs (thoracic cavity)
What is the appendicular skeleton? Ans: arms, legs, pelvis
What are the structures of bones? Ans: *Epiphysis: is the area at
each end of a long bone
*Diaphysis (see Fig. 2-3) is the main shaft of bone
*Endosteum: is a membrane that lines the medullary canal
*Metaphysis is the flared part of the bone that serves as a
transition from the end of each diaphysis to each epiphysis
What is the periosteum? Ans: (Located outside the bone) thin
fibrous membrane covering all of the bone except the articular
surfaces, which are covered with hyaline cartilage. The
periosteum contains nerves as well as blood vessels that are
important in providing nourishment, promoting growth in the
