BIO 130 ALL 2026 CORE EXAM TEST QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Before the 1890's, there were hundreds of thousands of elephant seals and great
diversity in the population. In the 1890's the population declined to only 30 elephant
seals as the rest were hunted and killed by humans. Now there are hundreds of
thousands again, but the population is much less diverse than it was in the 1800's. -
✔✔genetic drift (bottleneck)
✔✔Malaria is common in a town in Africa, but most of the natives are resistant to it. -
✔✔selection
✔✔After European men move into the town and mate with the African women, the
proportion of people that are susceptible to malaria increases and many and get sick. -
✔✔gene flow
✔✔In the Book of Mormon, Hagoth sets off in a boat and we don't know what came of
him. The Nephite population's allele frequencies were different after Hagoth and his
followers left. - ✔✔gene flow
✔✔Suppose we found Hagoth's population, and they have different allele frequencies
than the original Nephite population. - ✔✔genetic drift (founder effect)
✔✔Many plants have flowers that are brightly colored. The brightest colors are the most
attractive to bees, butterflies, and other pollinators. - ✔✔selection (sexual selection)
✔✔The passenger pigeon became extinct around the turn of the century from 1800's to
1900's as deforestation led to a loss of the pigeon's habitat. - ✔✔selection
✔✔the postulates of natural selection - ✔✔1. there must be variation by mutation
among the population and this variation must be heritable
2. the individuals in the population must produce more offspring (due to high biotic
potential) then can survive due to limiting factors
3. the environment changes such that some individuals will have greater fitness than
others
✔✔stabilizing selection - ✔✔a type of natural selection that favors intermediate
phenotypes while acting against extreme variations, which reduces genetic diversity in a
population
✔✔disruptive selection - ✔✔a form of natural selection where individuals with extreme
traits at both ends of a trait's distribution have a higher survival rate than individuals with
intermediate traits
, ✔✔directional selection - ✔✔a type of natural selection where one extreme phenotype
is favored, causing the population's traits to shift over time in one direction
✔✔sexual dimorphism - ✔✔refers to the observable differences in physical appearance,
behavior, and other characteristics between males and females within the same species
(for example a male bird with have brightly colored wings and a female bird won't)
✔✔Bateman's Principle - ✔✔the sex with the greatest parental investment should be
choosy
the sex with the least parental investment should be as promiscuous as possible and
compete for mates
✔✔Bateman's principle is pretty simplistic and sometimes explains sexual selection, but
... - ✔✔it's too simplistic to explain all of it
✔✔Evolutionary disadvantages of sex - ✔✔"2-fold" cost of sex
costly to secure a mate
✔✔Evolutionary advantages of sex - ✔✔it brings beneficial mutations together
it purges the genome of harmful mutation
✔✔cryptic species - ✔✔distinct species that look very similar and were previously
classified as a single species
✔✔Morphological Species Concept - ✔✔defined by differences and similarities in
morphology
✔✔Phylogenetic Species Concept - ✔✔Defined by their phylogenetic similarity
✔✔Ecological Species Concept - ✔✔Define by the particular set of resources they use
in the environment
✔✔Biological Species Concept - ✔✔Defined by their ability to produce viable, fertile
offspring
✔✔Temporal Isolation - ✔✔mating or flowering occurs at different seasons or times of
day
✔✔habitat isolation - ✔✔populations live in different habitats and do not meet
✔✔behavioral isolation - ✔✔little or no sexual attraction between males and females
✔✔mechanical isolation - ✔✔structural differences in genitalia or flowers prevent
copulation or pollen transfer
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Before the 1890's, there were hundreds of thousands of elephant seals and great
diversity in the population. In the 1890's the population declined to only 30 elephant
seals as the rest were hunted and killed by humans. Now there are hundreds of
thousands again, but the population is much less diverse than it was in the 1800's. -
✔✔genetic drift (bottleneck)
✔✔Malaria is common in a town in Africa, but most of the natives are resistant to it. -
✔✔selection
✔✔After European men move into the town and mate with the African women, the
proportion of people that are susceptible to malaria increases and many and get sick. -
✔✔gene flow
✔✔In the Book of Mormon, Hagoth sets off in a boat and we don't know what came of
him. The Nephite population's allele frequencies were different after Hagoth and his
followers left. - ✔✔gene flow
✔✔Suppose we found Hagoth's population, and they have different allele frequencies
than the original Nephite population. - ✔✔genetic drift (founder effect)
✔✔Many plants have flowers that are brightly colored. The brightest colors are the most
attractive to bees, butterflies, and other pollinators. - ✔✔selection (sexual selection)
✔✔The passenger pigeon became extinct around the turn of the century from 1800's to
1900's as deforestation led to a loss of the pigeon's habitat. - ✔✔selection
✔✔the postulates of natural selection - ✔✔1. there must be variation by mutation
among the population and this variation must be heritable
2. the individuals in the population must produce more offspring (due to high biotic
potential) then can survive due to limiting factors
3. the environment changes such that some individuals will have greater fitness than
others
✔✔stabilizing selection - ✔✔a type of natural selection that favors intermediate
phenotypes while acting against extreme variations, which reduces genetic diversity in a
population
✔✔disruptive selection - ✔✔a form of natural selection where individuals with extreme
traits at both ends of a trait's distribution have a higher survival rate than individuals with
intermediate traits
, ✔✔directional selection - ✔✔a type of natural selection where one extreme phenotype
is favored, causing the population's traits to shift over time in one direction
✔✔sexual dimorphism - ✔✔refers to the observable differences in physical appearance,
behavior, and other characteristics between males and females within the same species
(for example a male bird with have brightly colored wings and a female bird won't)
✔✔Bateman's Principle - ✔✔the sex with the greatest parental investment should be
choosy
the sex with the least parental investment should be as promiscuous as possible and
compete for mates
✔✔Bateman's principle is pretty simplistic and sometimes explains sexual selection, but
... - ✔✔it's too simplistic to explain all of it
✔✔Evolutionary disadvantages of sex - ✔✔"2-fold" cost of sex
costly to secure a mate
✔✔Evolutionary advantages of sex - ✔✔it brings beneficial mutations together
it purges the genome of harmful mutation
✔✔cryptic species - ✔✔distinct species that look very similar and were previously
classified as a single species
✔✔Morphological Species Concept - ✔✔defined by differences and similarities in
morphology
✔✔Phylogenetic Species Concept - ✔✔Defined by their phylogenetic similarity
✔✔Ecological Species Concept - ✔✔Define by the particular set of resources they use
in the environment
✔✔Biological Species Concept - ✔✔Defined by their ability to produce viable, fertile
offspring
✔✔Temporal Isolation - ✔✔mating or flowering occurs at different seasons or times of
day
✔✔habitat isolation - ✔✔populations live in different habitats and do not meet
✔✔behavioral isolation - ✔✔little or no sexual attraction between males and females
✔✔mechanical isolation - ✔✔structural differences in genitalia or flowers prevent
copulation or pollen transfer
