Biol 373- EXAM 1 Questions with Correct Answers| Latest Update Guaranteed Success
Chapter 1 Evolution
Robert Hooke (1665) observed compartments in cork, under a microscope, and first named
them cells
resolution -resolving power (ability to see fine detail)
-the ability to distinguish two adjacent objects or points from one another
Resolving power (RP) = Wavelength of light in nm / 2 x Numerical aperture
-Shorter wavelengths provide a better resolution
What is the descriptive nature of cell biology focus on observation, with little emphasis on
explanation
Compound microscopes (1830s) -These had two lenses
-Both magnification and resolution were improved
-Structures only 1 micrometer in size could be seen clearly
Robert Brown identified the nucleus, a structure inside plant cells
Matthias Schleiden concluded that all plant tissues are composed of cells
Thomas Schwann concluded that all animal tissues are composed of cells; postulated the
cell theory (1839)
, What is the cell theory? 1. All organisms consist of one or more cells (Schwann 1839)
2. The cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms (Schwann 1839)
3. All cells arise only from preexisting cells (Virchow 1855)
Cytology focuses mainly on cellular structure and emphasizes optical techniques
Biochemistry focuses on cellular structure and function
Genetics focuses on information flow and heredity and includes sequencing of the entire
genome (all of the DNA) in numerous organisms
micrometer (μm) one millionth of a meter (10-6 m)
nanometer (nm) one-billionth of a meter (10-9 m)
microtome (mid-1800s) -allowed preparation of very thin slices of samples
limit of resolution how far apart objects must be to appear as distinct
The smaller the microscope's limit of resolution, the greater its resolving power
Electron Microscopy (Ruska 1930's) -Focused electron beam
-Wavelength = 6pm
-100,000 X less than red visible light
Fredrich Wöhler (1828) -showed that a compound made in a living organism (urea) could be
synthesized in the lab
Chapter 1 Evolution
Robert Hooke (1665) observed compartments in cork, under a microscope, and first named
them cells
resolution -resolving power (ability to see fine detail)
-the ability to distinguish two adjacent objects or points from one another
Resolving power (RP) = Wavelength of light in nm / 2 x Numerical aperture
-Shorter wavelengths provide a better resolution
What is the descriptive nature of cell biology focus on observation, with little emphasis on
explanation
Compound microscopes (1830s) -These had two lenses
-Both magnification and resolution were improved
-Structures only 1 micrometer in size could be seen clearly
Robert Brown identified the nucleus, a structure inside plant cells
Matthias Schleiden concluded that all plant tissues are composed of cells
Thomas Schwann concluded that all animal tissues are composed of cells; postulated the
cell theory (1839)
, What is the cell theory? 1. All organisms consist of one or more cells (Schwann 1839)
2. The cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms (Schwann 1839)
3. All cells arise only from preexisting cells (Virchow 1855)
Cytology focuses mainly on cellular structure and emphasizes optical techniques
Biochemistry focuses on cellular structure and function
Genetics focuses on information flow and heredity and includes sequencing of the entire
genome (all of the DNA) in numerous organisms
micrometer (μm) one millionth of a meter (10-6 m)
nanometer (nm) one-billionth of a meter (10-9 m)
microtome (mid-1800s) -allowed preparation of very thin slices of samples
limit of resolution how far apart objects must be to appear as distinct
The smaller the microscope's limit of resolution, the greater its resolving power
Electron Microscopy (Ruska 1930's) -Focused electron beam
-Wavelength = 6pm
-100,000 X less than red visible light
Fredrich Wöhler (1828) -showed that a compound made in a living organism (urea) could be
synthesized in the lab
