Bio 411 final Exam Questions with Correct Answers 100% Verified| Guaranteed Success
What is the order of processes that support the central dogma?
A. DNA replication, translation, protein synthesis
B. DNA replication, transcription, translation
C. Transcription, DNA replication, translation
D. DNA replication, translation, transcription B
Why aren't nucleosides incorporated into DNA?
A. The bases are not fully assembled.
B. The sugar is not in the right form.
C. There are no phosphates to make the phosphodiester bonds.
D. The peptide bonds don't form. c
Sometimes the sequence of DNA gets mutated and an adenine is paired to a cytosine. Why is
this interaction unstable?
A. Because the phosphate groups of the two bases repel each other.
B. Because an ionic bond cannot be formed between the two.
C. Because the chemical groups that form hydrogen bonds are in the wrong positions.
D. Because the charges on the bases repel one another. c
In the DNA of certain bacterial cells, 16% of the nucleotides are adenine. What are the
percentages of the other nucleotides in the bacterial DNA?
A. 16% thymidine, 34% guanine, 34% cytosine
B. 34% uracil, 16% guanine, 16% cytosine
C. 34% thymidine, 34% guanine, 16% cytosine
,D. 34% thymidine, 16% guanine, 34% cytosine a
The strands in a DNA molecule are: (choose all that apply)
A. antiparallel.
B. complementary.
C. identical.
D. perpendicular.
E. covalently bonded to each other. A and B
What would happen if an enhancer sequence were mutated so that its binding partner was
always bound and recruiting the RNA polymerase complex?
A. No transcription would occur as the site is now blocked to other proteins.
B. Transcription wouldn't change.
C. No transcription would occur because the mediator complex could not form.
D. Transcription would occur continuously. d
A template strand of DNA is read in the direction in order to direct synthesis of RNA in the
direction.
A. 3'-5'; 3'-5'
B. 5'-3'; 3'-5'
C. 3'-5'; 5'-3'
D. 5'-3'; 5'-3' c
Transcription continues until:
A. all bases in the DNA are copied.
, B. a stop codon is encountered.
C. a terminator sequence is encountered.
D. a ribosome pulls RNA polymerase off the DNA.
E. a transcription factor signals the end of the gene. c
Based on what you know about eukaryotic cells, what is one of the arguments against using
RNA as the genetic storage molecule?
A. Because RNA uses uracil instead of thymine, it cannot hold genetic information.
B. RNA has a negatively charged sugar phosphate backbone.
C. The structure of RNA does not allow for double-stranded base pairing.
D. There is no current mechanism to package enough RNA to encode all the information
needed by the cell.
E. The secondary structure of RNA prevents its replication before cell division. D
Among the possible errors listed below, which would prevent an mRNA with the correct
sequence from being translated appropriately?
A. The 5 cap was not added.
B. The DNA sequence was incorrect.
C. The poly(A) tail was not formed.
D. Either the 5 cap was not added or the poly(A) tail was not formed.
E. None of the other answer options is correct. d
What feature of double-stranded DNA makes it necessary to have a leading strand and a lagging
strand during replication?
A. the hydrogen bonding between bases
What is the order of processes that support the central dogma?
A. DNA replication, translation, protein synthesis
B. DNA replication, transcription, translation
C. Transcription, DNA replication, translation
D. DNA replication, translation, transcription B
Why aren't nucleosides incorporated into DNA?
A. The bases are not fully assembled.
B. The sugar is not in the right form.
C. There are no phosphates to make the phosphodiester bonds.
D. The peptide bonds don't form. c
Sometimes the sequence of DNA gets mutated and an adenine is paired to a cytosine. Why is
this interaction unstable?
A. Because the phosphate groups of the two bases repel each other.
B. Because an ionic bond cannot be formed between the two.
C. Because the chemical groups that form hydrogen bonds are in the wrong positions.
D. Because the charges on the bases repel one another. c
In the DNA of certain bacterial cells, 16% of the nucleotides are adenine. What are the
percentages of the other nucleotides in the bacterial DNA?
A. 16% thymidine, 34% guanine, 34% cytosine
B. 34% uracil, 16% guanine, 16% cytosine
C. 34% thymidine, 34% guanine, 16% cytosine
,D. 34% thymidine, 16% guanine, 34% cytosine a
The strands in a DNA molecule are: (choose all that apply)
A. antiparallel.
B. complementary.
C. identical.
D. perpendicular.
E. covalently bonded to each other. A and B
What would happen if an enhancer sequence were mutated so that its binding partner was
always bound and recruiting the RNA polymerase complex?
A. No transcription would occur as the site is now blocked to other proteins.
B. Transcription wouldn't change.
C. No transcription would occur because the mediator complex could not form.
D. Transcription would occur continuously. d
A template strand of DNA is read in the direction in order to direct synthesis of RNA in the
direction.
A. 3'-5'; 3'-5'
B. 5'-3'; 3'-5'
C. 3'-5'; 5'-3'
D. 5'-3'; 5'-3' c
Transcription continues until:
A. all bases in the DNA are copied.
, B. a stop codon is encountered.
C. a terminator sequence is encountered.
D. a ribosome pulls RNA polymerase off the DNA.
E. a transcription factor signals the end of the gene. c
Based on what you know about eukaryotic cells, what is one of the arguments against using
RNA as the genetic storage molecule?
A. Because RNA uses uracil instead of thymine, it cannot hold genetic information.
B. RNA has a negatively charged sugar phosphate backbone.
C. The structure of RNA does not allow for double-stranded base pairing.
D. There is no current mechanism to package enough RNA to encode all the information
needed by the cell.
E. The secondary structure of RNA prevents its replication before cell division. D
Among the possible errors listed below, which would prevent an mRNA with the correct
sequence from being translated appropriately?
A. The 5 cap was not added.
B. The DNA sequence was incorrect.
C. The poly(A) tail was not formed.
D. Either the 5 cap was not added or the poly(A) tail was not formed.
E. None of the other answer options is correct. d
What feature of double-stranded DNA makes it necessary to have a leading strand and a lagging
strand during replication?
A. the hydrogen bonding between bases
