BIO 411 Real Study Guide Questions with Correct Answers 100% Verified|
Guaranteed Success
SG........ microbes or microorganisms are minute living things that usually are too small to
be seen by unaided eyes
SG............microorganisms include Bacterial
protozoa
fungi (yeast/molds)
microscopic algae,
viruses: But all are very different
SG......Miasma Theory disease is caused by invisible organisms
(Bad air/cloud: from putrefying carcasses, rotting vegetation or molds, and invisible dust
particles inside dwellings) or curse/supernatural*.
SG.............where microorganisms known before the invention of the microscope Known
before (or event after) the invention of microscope: Disease by invisible organism,
SG.......who discovered the first microscope Galileo Galilei (Italian astronomer): 1609
Zacharias Jansen (Dutch eyeglass maker/spectacles): 3-10X, 1590
Robert Hook (British Scientist): Compound microscope (1665) (~20-50X)
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) ~ 1676/Dutch: Observesed and draw shape and
movement of microorganism/animacules (Bacteria, protozoa, yeast): Father of Microscopy
SG.......animacules microscopic animals
,who was the first person to see bacteria in lake water/bacterial movement Antonie van
Leeuwenhoek
how big was Antonie van Leeuwenhoek magnification 300x
SG.......who is the father of the microscope? and why? Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
because of his creation and discovery using it
SG.........Before discovery of microscope and observation of bacteria (invisible earlier):
Theory of Spontaneous Generation: Life arises spontaneously from non-living material
SG.........Aristotles's doctrine of spontaneous generation. Hypothesis that living
organisms arise from nonliving matter; a "vital force" forms life"
SG...........what were the first two theories of microbiology history theory of spontaneous
generation
living organisms arise from nonliving matter
SG........microbiology the Transition Period: Debate over Spontaneous Generation (Took
over 200 years and many experiments to refute the theory of Spontaneous Generation)
SG.........biogenesis Hypothesis that the living organisms arise from preexisting life
SG..........beginning of spontaneous generation experiment 1668:Francesco Redi
•The beginnings of experimental science
•Filled 6 jars with decaying meat
,SG........Francesco Redi This scientist disproved spontaneous generation by showing that
maggots do not spontaneously arise from decaying meat.
from where did the maggot come? flies that flew into the jar
what was the purpose of the sealed jars to see if an isolated piece of meat would
spontaneously make the maggots
SG..........Theory of Spontaneous generation vs Biogenesis How form of life came in
existence?: Living organism arise spontaneously from nonliving matters. Example dust creates
fleas; maggots arise from rotting meat; toads, snakes and mice from moist soli (There was no
concept of sterile environments).
john needham experiment (1745) Heated broth in sealed flasks.When the broth became
cloudy with microrganisms, he mistakenly concluded that they developed spontaneously from
the broth
lazzaro spallanzani experiment (1765) was a boiled nutrient solutions in flasks
SG..........1861: Louis Pasteur (theory of biogenesis) •Demonstrated that microorganisms
are present in the air
- living cells arise only from preexisting living cells
Stanley Miller experiment Proved that organic compounds could come from inorganic
compounds in earth's early environment.
Formation of animal acids: Chemical origin of life under certain conditions
- RNA and Protein was formed in the water
, SG.....who supported spontaneous generation John Needham and aristotle
SG...........who supported biogenesis lazzaro spallanzani
louis pasteur
what caused high mortality rates of mothers in the 14.9% century childbed fever
childbed fever theories One such theory: It was caused as the result of the "tightness of
stays and petticoat bindings." Peticoats pressed the intestines, blocked excretion, caused the
body to reabsorb it waste.
Other: Inactive lifestyle, improper diet, and the attendance of friends in a small room during
delivery.
SG.........Pre- Pasteur Ignaz Semmelweis Childbed Fever Hypothesis Physicians going from
the autopsy room to the delivery room without washing their hands were carrying things on
their hands that made the mothers sick.
Experiment: have physicians wash their hands after leaving the autopsy room and before
entering the delivery room
SG...........Pre- Pasteur Ignaz Semmelweis Childbed Fever Results repeatedly showed a
drastic drop in incidence of childbed fever, shortly; Semmelweis instituted handwashing in a
new hospital.
Pre- Pasteur Ignaz Semmelweis Childbed Fever Conclusion Semmelweis is acting to
undermine the medical profession because physicians, as everyone knows, have as their first
priority, not harming patients
what happened to Ignaz Semmelweis (1818-1865)
Semmelweis was at one time institutionalized for mental instability.
Guaranteed Success
SG........ microbes or microorganisms are minute living things that usually are too small to
be seen by unaided eyes
SG............microorganisms include Bacterial
protozoa
fungi (yeast/molds)
microscopic algae,
viruses: But all are very different
SG......Miasma Theory disease is caused by invisible organisms
(Bad air/cloud: from putrefying carcasses, rotting vegetation or molds, and invisible dust
particles inside dwellings) or curse/supernatural*.
SG.............where microorganisms known before the invention of the microscope Known
before (or event after) the invention of microscope: Disease by invisible organism,
SG.......who discovered the first microscope Galileo Galilei (Italian astronomer): 1609
Zacharias Jansen (Dutch eyeglass maker/spectacles): 3-10X, 1590
Robert Hook (British Scientist): Compound microscope (1665) (~20-50X)
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) ~ 1676/Dutch: Observesed and draw shape and
movement of microorganism/animacules (Bacteria, protozoa, yeast): Father of Microscopy
SG.......animacules microscopic animals
,who was the first person to see bacteria in lake water/bacterial movement Antonie van
Leeuwenhoek
how big was Antonie van Leeuwenhoek magnification 300x
SG.......who is the father of the microscope? and why? Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
because of his creation and discovery using it
SG.........Before discovery of microscope and observation of bacteria (invisible earlier):
Theory of Spontaneous Generation: Life arises spontaneously from non-living material
SG.........Aristotles's doctrine of spontaneous generation. Hypothesis that living
organisms arise from nonliving matter; a "vital force" forms life"
SG...........what were the first two theories of microbiology history theory of spontaneous
generation
living organisms arise from nonliving matter
SG........microbiology the Transition Period: Debate over Spontaneous Generation (Took
over 200 years and many experiments to refute the theory of Spontaneous Generation)
SG.........biogenesis Hypothesis that the living organisms arise from preexisting life
SG..........beginning of spontaneous generation experiment 1668:Francesco Redi
•The beginnings of experimental science
•Filled 6 jars with decaying meat
,SG........Francesco Redi This scientist disproved spontaneous generation by showing that
maggots do not spontaneously arise from decaying meat.
from where did the maggot come? flies that flew into the jar
what was the purpose of the sealed jars to see if an isolated piece of meat would
spontaneously make the maggots
SG..........Theory of Spontaneous generation vs Biogenesis How form of life came in
existence?: Living organism arise spontaneously from nonliving matters. Example dust creates
fleas; maggots arise from rotting meat; toads, snakes and mice from moist soli (There was no
concept of sterile environments).
john needham experiment (1745) Heated broth in sealed flasks.When the broth became
cloudy with microrganisms, he mistakenly concluded that they developed spontaneously from
the broth
lazzaro spallanzani experiment (1765) was a boiled nutrient solutions in flasks
SG..........1861: Louis Pasteur (theory of biogenesis) •Demonstrated that microorganisms
are present in the air
- living cells arise only from preexisting living cells
Stanley Miller experiment Proved that organic compounds could come from inorganic
compounds in earth's early environment.
Formation of animal acids: Chemical origin of life under certain conditions
- RNA and Protein was formed in the water
, SG.....who supported spontaneous generation John Needham and aristotle
SG...........who supported biogenesis lazzaro spallanzani
louis pasteur
what caused high mortality rates of mothers in the 14.9% century childbed fever
childbed fever theories One such theory: It was caused as the result of the "tightness of
stays and petticoat bindings." Peticoats pressed the intestines, blocked excretion, caused the
body to reabsorb it waste.
Other: Inactive lifestyle, improper diet, and the attendance of friends in a small room during
delivery.
SG.........Pre- Pasteur Ignaz Semmelweis Childbed Fever Hypothesis Physicians going from
the autopsy room to the delivery room without washing their hands were carrying things on
their hands that made the mothers sick.
Experiment: have physicians wash their hands after leaving the autopsy room and before
entering the delivery room
SG...........Pre- Pasteur Ignaz Semmelweis Childbed Fever Results repeatedly showed a
drastic drop in incidence of childbed fever, shortly; Semmelweis instituted handwashing in a
new hospital.
Pre- Pasteur Ignaz Semmelweis Childbed Fever Conclusion Semmelweis is acting to
undermine the medical profession because physicians, as everyone knows, have as their first
priority, not harming patients
what happened to Ignaz Semmelweis (1818-1865)
Semmelweis was at one time institutionalized for mental instability.
