PROGRESSIVE RENAL EDUCATION PROGRAM
EXAMINATION TEST 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ What do the ureters do? Answer: transport urine from the
kidneys to the bladder
◉ What does the kidney/ urinary system maintain? Answer: -
Maintain homeostasis by adjusting the internal and external changes
-Maintains fluid and electrolyte balance
Filters and excretes waste products
-Acid base regulation keeping pH between 7.3 to 7.5
-Maintains blood pressure auto-regulation
-Red blood cell production (erythropoietin)
-Vitamin D activation
-Urine information
,◉ Kidney functions Answer: -Blood pressure control
-Water balance
-Waste excretion
-Acid base regulation
-Regulation of RBC production
-Renal clearance
-Prostaglandin secretion
-Urine information
◉ Where are the kidneys located? Answer: retroperitoneal space
Behind an outside the peritoneal activity
◉ What is the kidneys role in red blood cell production? Answer:
Detects decreases in O2 and releases erythropoietin
,◉ Kidney roll on vitamin D synthesis Answer: Final role in
conversion into vitamin D, active form
◉ Gerontological renal considerations Answer: Slowed, glomerular,
filtration rates
Decreased renal reserve
Glomerular sclerosis
Vascular changes
Altered acid base balance
Decrease drug clearance
Increase drug interactions
◉ Kidneys role in blood pressure regulation Answer: The vase
Rector detect low blood pressure
, Juxtamedullary nephrons secrete renin
Renin converts angiotensin, one to angiotensin two
Angiotension two is the most powerful vasoconstrictor
◉ What does renal clearance? Answer: Ability of kidneys to clear
solute from plasma
Primary test is 24 hour collection
This evaluates, how well kidneys are performing excretion
Creatinine clearance is best approximation of renal function
As function decreases creatinine/renal clearance also does
◉ Micturition (urination) process Answer: Urination/voiding
8 times in 24/hrs
Reflexes are stimulated and pelvic nerve stimulates, bladder
contraction
Relaxation of urethral sphincter
Decrease in urethral pressure
Contraction of detruser muscles - this relaxation opens neck and
proximal urethra
Urine flows
EXAMINATION TEST 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ What do the ureters do? Answer: transport urine from the
kidneys to the bladder
◉ What does the kidney/ urinary system maintain? Answer: -
Maintain homeostasis by adjusting the internal and external changes
-Maintains fluid and electrolyte balance
Filters and excretes waste products
-Acid base regulation keeping pH between 7.3 to 7.5
-Maintains blood pressure auto-regulation
-Red blood cell production (erythropoietin)
-Vitamin D activation
-Urine information
,◉ Kidney functions Answer: -Blood pressure control
-Water balance
-Waste excretion
-Acid base regulation
-Regulation of RBC production
-Renal clearance
-Prostaglandin secretion
-Urine information
◉ Where are the kidneys located? Answer: retroperitoneal space
Behind an outside the peritoneal activity
◉ What is the kidneys role in red blood cell production? Answer:
Detects decreases in O2 and releases erythropoietin
,◉ Kidney roll on vitamin D synthesis Answer: Final role in
conversion into vitamin D, active form
◉ Gerontological renal considerations Answer: Slowed, glomerular,
filtration rates
Decreased renal reserve
Glomerular sclerosis
Vascular changes
Altered acid base balance
Decrease drug clearance
Increase drug interactions
◉ Kidneys role in blood pressure regulation Answer: The vase
Rector detect low blood pressure
, Juxtamedullary nephrons secrete renin
Renin converts angiotensin, one to angiotensin two
Angiotension two is the most powerful vasoconstrictor
◉ What does renal clearance? Answer: Ability of kidneys to clear
solute from plasma
Primary test is 24 hour collection
This evaluates, how well kidneys are performing excretion
Creatinine clearance is best approximation of renal function
As function decreases creatinine/renal clearance also does
◉ Micturition (urination) process Answer: Urination/voiding
8 times in 24/hrs
Reflexes are stimulated and pelvic nerve stimulates, bladder
contraction
Relaxation of urethral sphincter
Decrease in urethral pressure
Contraction of detruser muscles - this relaxation opens neck and
proximal urethra
Urine flows
