PNR 315 EPIDEMIOLOGY EXAM
2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
100% PASS.
What is epidemiology? - ANS The study of the distribution, or patterns, of health events in
populations and the determinants or factors that influence those patterns.
What are the two types of epidemiology? - ANS Descriptive epidemiology and analytical
epidemiology.
What does descriptive epidemiology focus on? - ANS The study of the distribution of disease,
answering questions about what, who, where, and when.
What is analytical epidemiology concerned with? - ANS The etiology (origins and causal
factors) of disease, focusing on how and why.
What are the three main objectives of epidemiology? - ANS 1. Monitor the health of the
population. 2. Identify determinants of health and disease in communities. 3. Investigate and
evaluate interventions to prevent disease and maintain health.
Who is considered the 'Father of epidemiology'? - ANS John Snow, who linked cholera rates
to water supply contamination.
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, What significant contribution did Florence Nightingale make to epidemiology? - ANS She
improved environmental conditions for soldiers, decreasing mortality rates during the Crimean
War.
What is health surveillance? - ANS The tracking and forecasting of health events or
determinants through data collection, analysis, and dissemination.
What is morbidity? - ANS The occurrence of disease in a population.
What is mortality? - ANS The number of deaths due to a disease in a population.
What is the difference between incidence rate and prevalence rate? - ANS Incidence rate
reflects new cases in a population at risk during a specified time, while prevalence rate includes
all cases (old and new) at a specific time.
What defines an endemic rate? - ANS The usual rate of occurrence of a disease in a
population.
What is an epidemic? - ANS An occurrence when the rate of disease exceeds the usual level
for that condition.
What is a pandemic? - ANS The rate of occurrence of a disease in geographically widespread
populations.
What is a point epidemic? - ANS An epidemic that produces a sharp peak in cases over a
short interval of time when graphed against time.
What role does environmental health play in epidemiology? - ANS It assesses how
environmental factors affect health outcomes, contributing to the understanding of disease
patterns.
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
100% PASS.
What is epidemiology? - ANS The study of the distribution, or patterns, of health events in
populations and the determinants or factors that influence those patterns.
What are the two types of epidemiology? - ANS Descriptive epidemiology and analytical
epidemiology.
What does descriptive epidemiology focus on? - ANS The study of the distribution of disease,
answering questions about what, who, where, and when.
What is analytical epidemiology concerned with? - ANS The etiology (origins and causal
factors) of disease, focusing on how and why.
What are the three main objectives of epidemiology? - ANS 1. Monitor the health of the
population. 2. Identify determinants of health and disease in communities. 3. Investigate and
evaluate interventions to prevent disease and maintain health.
Who is considered the 'Father of epidemiology'? - ANS John Snow, who linked cholera rates
to water supply contamination.
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, What significant contribution did Florence Nightingale make to epidemiology? - ANS She
improved environmental conditions for soldiers, decreasing mortality rates during the Crimean
War.
What is health surveillance? - ANS The tracking and forecasting of health events or
determinants through data collection, analysis, and dissemination.
What is morbidity? - ANS The occurrence of disease in a population.
What is mortality? - ANS The number of deaths due to a disease in a population.
What is the difference between incidence rate and prevalence rate? - ANS Incidence rate
reflects new cases in a population at risk during a specified time, while prevalence rate includes
all cases (old and new) at a specific time.
What defines an endemic rate? - ANS The usual rate of occurrence of a disease in a
population.
What is an epidemic? - ANS An occurrence when the rate of disease exceeds the usual level
for that condition.
What is a pandemic? - ANS The rate of occurrence of a disease in geographically widespread
populations.
What is a point epidemic? - ANS An epidemic that produces a sharp peak in cases over a
short interval of time when graphed against time.
What role does environmental health play in epidemiology? - ANS It assesses how
environmental factors affect health outcomes, contributing to the understanding of disease
patterns.
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
