Block 1: APES NOTES
Lecture 1: Cell biology
4 Types of Microscopes:
1. Dissecting Microscope
2. Light/Compound microscope
3. Transmission electron microscope (TEM)- extreme resolution
4. Scanning electron microscope (SEM)- 3D view, Surface topography
Labelling:
Dissecting microscope:
• 3D view
• Orientation of specimen
same as seen with naked
eye
• 1 objective lens
Compound/Light microscope:
• Multiple objectives
• Orientation of specimen
upside down compared to
when viewed with naked
eye
• High magnification
,Eukaryotic cell: (labels and functions):
Prokaryotic cell:
, Differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells:
Characteristic Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Size: Small 0,5 µm Large 10-100 µm
Nucleus: Absent (nucleoid region) Present (membrane bound)
Organism type: unicellular Usually, multicellular
Organelles: absent present
Cell wall: complex simple
DNA replication: Replicates entire genome at Highly regulated with selective
once origins and sequences
Examples: Bacteria and Archaea Animal, plant, fungi and protist
cells
Similarities between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells:
• Have ribosomes
• Both have DNA
• Cytoplasm present
• Have cel membrane
• Some have flagella
• Ability to divide and reproduce
Different types of Bacteria shapes:
Lecture 1: Cell biology
4 Types of Microscopes:
1. Dissecting Microscope
2. Light/Compound microscope
3. Transmission electron microscope (TEM)- extreme resolution
4. Scanning electron microscope (SEM)- 3D view, Surface topography
Labelling:
Dissecting microscope:
• 3D view
• Orientation of specimen
same as seen with naked
eye
• 1 objective lens
Compound/Light microscope:
• Multiple objectives
• Orientation of specimen
upside down compared to
when viewed with naked
eye
• High magnification
,Eukaryotic cell: (labels and functions):
Prokaryotic cell:
, Differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells:
Characteristic Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Size: Small 0,5 µm Large 10-100 µm
Nucleus: Absent (nucleoid region) Present (membrane bound)
Organism type: unicellular Usually, multicellular
Organelles: absent present
Cell wall: complex simple
DNA replication: Replicates entire genome at Highly regulated with selective
once origins and sequences
Examples: Bacteria and Archaea Animal, plant, fungi and protist
cells
Similarities between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells:
• Have ribosomes
• Both have DNA
• Cytoplasm present
• Have cel membrane
• Some have flagella
• Ability to divide and reproduce
Different types of Bacteria shapes:
