UTA NURS 5315 MOD 6 PULM AND SHOCK
DR GONZALEZ EXAMINATION TEST 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ Mast cell. Answer: Cellular bags of granules located in loose
connective tisssue close to blood vessels. Activation initiates
inflammatory process.
⩥ Histamine. Answer: Causes vasodilation, increases vascular
permeability, increases blood flow to the site of injury- causes erythema
and swelling.
⩥ Cytokines. Answer: Soluble factors that contribute to the regulation of
innate or adaptive resistance by affecting other neighboring cells. Can be
pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory. Can react quickly or be more
delayed.
⩥ Leukotrines. Answer: Released when mast cells degranulate, prolong
the inflammatory process. Cause vasodilation, attract neutrophils,
monocytes, and eosinophils.target of inhibition for singular.
⩥ Prostaglandins. Answer: Released when mast cells degranulate, are
produced by the arachidonic pathway. Cause vasodilation, platelet
aggregation at site of injury, pain, and fever.
,⩥ Chemotactic factors. Answer: Biochemical substance that attracts
leukocyte to the site of inflammation
⩥ Neutrophils. Answer: Predominant leukocyte at work during the early
stages of acute inflammation
⩥ Monocytes. Answer: Become macrophages when entering the tissue,
responsible for presenting antigens to the CD4 cell which triggers T-cell
immunity and B-cell immunity.
Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
⩥ Cytokine IL1 function. Answer: Causes fever, activates phagocytes &
lymphocytes and also increases the release of IL6a
⩥ Cytokine IL6 function. Answer: Stimulates production of acute phase
reactants and promotes growth and stimulation of RBCs
⩥ Cytokine TNF function. Answer: Causes fever, increases synthesis of
proinflammatory proteins by liver, causes muscle wasting, induces
thrombosis
⩥ Cytokine growth factor function. Answer: Promotes production and
maturation of neutrophils
, ⩥ Complement. Answer: Functions include bacterial lysis, vasodilation
and increased vascular permeability, triggers mast cell degranulation,
chemotaxis, and opsonization.
⩥ Kinin. Answer: Converted to bradykinin which is responsible for pain
and chemotaxis, and it increases vascular permeability and vasodilation.
⩥ Coagulation cascade. Answer: Factor XII activates kinin. Function is
to form fibrin mesh to stop bleeding and trap micro organisms.
⩥ COX1. Answer: Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Provides
gastroprotection, platelet aggregation, fluid/electrolyte balance
⩥ COX2. Answer: Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Responsible
for pain, fever, renal protection, tissue repair, reproduction development.
⩥ COX2 inhibitors- clinical implications. Answer: Protect gastric
mucosa- prevent ulcers and bleeding. Removed from market r/t cardiac
events except for Celebrex. Can impair renal function , monitor labs.
⩥ Arachidonic pathway purpose. Answer: Synthesis of prostaglandins
DR GONZALEZ EXAMINATION TEST 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ Mast cell. Answer: Cellular bags of granules located in loose
connective tisssue close to blood vessels. Activation initiates
inflammatory process.
⩥ Histamine. Answer: Causes vasodilation, increases vascular
permeability, increases blood flow to the site of injury- causes erythema
and swelling.
⩥ Cytokines. Answer: Soluble factors that contribute to the regulation of
innate or adaptive resistance by affecting other neighboring cells. Can be
pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory. Can react quickly or be more
delayed.
⩥ Leukotrines. Answer: Released when mast cells degranulate, prolong
the inflammatory process. Cause vasodilation, attract neutrophils,
monocytes, and eosinophils.target of inhibition for singular.
⩥ Prostaglandins. Answer: Released when mast cells degranulate, are
produced by the arachidonic pathway. Cause vasodilation, platelet
aggregation at site of injury, pain, and fever.
,⩥ Chemotactic factors. Answer: Biochemical substance that attracts
leukocyte to the site of inflammation
⩥ Neutrophils. Answer: Predominant leukocyte at work during the early
stages of acute inflammation
⩥ Monocytes. Answer: Become macrophages when entering the tissue,
responsible for presenting antigens to the CD4 cell which triggers T-cell
immunity and B-cell immunity.
Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
⩥ Cytokine IL1 function. Answer: Causes fever, activates phagocytes &
lymphocytes and also increases the release of IL6a
⩥ Cytokine IL6 function. Answer: Stimulates production of acute phase
reactants and promotes growth and stimulation of RBCs
⩥ Cytokine TNF function. Answer: Causes fever, increases synthesis of
proinflammatory proteins by liver, causes muscle wasting, induces
thrombosis
⩥ Cytokine growth factor function. Answer: Promotes production and
maturation of neutrophils
, ⩥ Complement. Answer: Functions include bacterial lysis, vasodilation
and increased vascular permeability, triggers mast cell degranulation,
chemotaxis, and opsonization.
⩥ Kinin. Answer: Converted to bradykinin which is responsible for pain
and chemotaxis, and it increases vascular permeability and vasodilation.
⩥ Coagulation cascade. Answer: Factor XII activates kinin. Function is
to form fibrin mesh to stop bleeding and trap micro organisms.
⩥ COX1. Answer: Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Provides
gastroprotection, platelet aggregation, fluid/electrolyte balance
⩥ COX2. Answer: Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Responsible
for pain, fever, renal protection, tissue repair, reproduction development.
⩥ COX2 inhibitors- clinical implications. Answer: Protect gastric
mucosa- prevent ulcers and bleeding. Removed from market r/t cardiac
events except for Celebrex. Can impair renal function , monitor labs.
⩥ Arachidonic pathway purpose. Answer: Synthesis of prostaglandins
