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Samenvatting medische bacteriologie 1

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Samenvatting medische bacteriologie 1

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Medische bacteriologie 1
Inhoud
H1: Inleiding............................................................................................................................................................................ 2
H2: Microscopie....................................................................................................................................................................... 3
H3: Kweekmethoden............................................................................................................................................................... 4
H4: Biochemische identificatiemethoden................................................................................................................................. 5
1) Biochemische testen in een strategie...........................................................................................................................................5
2) Primaire kenmerken.....................................................................................................................................................................5
MORFOLOGISCHE KENMERKEN....................................................................................................................................................5
GROEIVOORWAARDEN.................................................................................................................................................................5
GEVOELIGHEID VOOR CHEMISCHE STOFFEN EN ANTIBIOTICA....................................................................................................7
PIGMENTPRODUCTIE....................................................................................................................................................................7
HEMOLYSE.....................................................................................................................................................................................7
SNELLE ENZYMATISCHE TESTEN....................................................................................................................................................8
3) Secundaire kenmerken.................................................................................................................................................................9
AFBRAAK VAN KOOLHYDRATEN....................................................................................................................................................9
AFBRAAK VAN EIWITTEN, AMINOZUREN EN DNA......................................................................................................................11
GEBRUIK VAN EENVOUDIGE C-BRON:........................................................................................................................................12
UREASETEST:...............................................................................................................................................................................13
4) Gecombineerde testmedia.........................................................................................................................................................13
KLIGLER IRON AGAR (KIA)...........................................................................................................................................................13
TRIPLE SUGAR IRON (TSI.............................................................................................................................................................13
MOBILITEIT-INDOL-UREASE MEDIUM (MIU)..............................................................................................................................14
MOBILITEIT-INDOL-ORNITHINE MEDIUM (MIO).........................................................................................................................14
LYSINE IRON AGAR (LIA)..............................................................................................................................................................14
5) Commerciële biochemische identificatiesystemen....................................................................................................................15
6) Maldi-TOF-MS.............................................................................................................................................................................15
H7: Oxidase-positieve fermenterende gram-negatieve bacillen.............................................................................................. 16
1) Vibrio spp....................................................................................................................................................................................16
2) Aeromonas spp. & Plesiomonas spp...........................................................................................................................................17
3) Pasteurella spp............................................................................................................................................................................17
H8: Niet- vergistende strikt aerobe gram-negatieve bacillen................................................................................................... 18
1) Pseudomonas spp.......................................................................................................................................................................18
2) Xanthomonas spp........................................................................................................................................................................18
3) Acinetobacter spp.......................................................................................................................................................................19
4) Alcaligenes spp............................................................................................................................................................................19
H10: Gram-negatieve bacillen die speciale groeivoorwaarden vereisen..................................................................................20
1) Geslachten en algemene kenmerken.........................................................................................................................................20

1

, 2) Brucella spp.................................................................................................................................................................................20
3) Haemophilus spp.........................................................................................................................................................................20
4) Legionella spp..............................................................................................................................................................................22
5) Bordetella pertussis.....................................................................................................................................................................22
6) Campylobacter spp......................................................................................................................................................................23
7) Helicobacter pylori......................................................................................................................................................................23
Conclusie.........................................................................................................................................................................................23
H12: Antibiotica..................................................................................................................................................................... 24
H13: Methoden om microbiële groei tegen te gaan................................................................................................................ 33




H1: Inleiding
Sporevormende bacillen Bacillus, Clostridium
Niet sporevormende bacillen Lactobacillus, Listeria
Spirillen Campylobacter, Helicobacter
Spirocheten Borrelia burgdorferi
Filamenteuze bacteriën Acetinomyces: NZAN: in de mond gingivitis, vaginale flora
Nocardia: ZA: grondbacterie, onderhuidse schimmelinfecite (mycetoom),
opportunistische pneumonie bij inhalatie
Streptomyces: NZA: grondbacterie, produceert natuurlijke AB, mycetoom

5 manieren van transmissie Contact-overdracht / contacttransmissie: direct contact: HIV, Staphylococcen,
mazelen, hepatitis, …
Indirect contact: via voorwerp: Faeco-orale overdracht, niezen
Verhikel-overdracht: Via een medium zoals water, lucht of voedsel
Druppeloverdracht: Via niezen, praten, …: Covid, Haemophilus influenzae,
griepvirus, MRSA, streptococcus, pneumoniae, …
Vectoren: dieren: Lyme: Borrelia burgdorferi

10 factoren die virulentie beïnvloeden Kapsel: bescherming
Flagellen: beweeglijkheid
Interactie met cytoskelet van de gastheer: invasine produceerd mand uit actine
Endosporenvorming: gunstige omstandigheden -> vegetatieve cyclus: ziekte
Aanwezige enzymen: schade, afweermechanisme omzeilen of binnendringen
Porte d’entrée: verschillende ingangspoort per m.o.
Het aantal binnendringende m.o.: LD50 is virulentie
Adherentie: vasthechten aan adhesines
Intrinsieke vermenigvuldigheidskracht: generatietijd
Componenten in de celwand: adherentie beïnvloeden of fagocytose verhinderen

3 manieren dat pathogeen schade Immunologische reactie: Reactie gh maakt hem ziek
aanbrengt bij gastheer Productie van toxines: Endo (G-, symptomen) en exo (G+, LipidA, koorts bij
cellyse)
Schade in directe omgeving door cellyse




2

,H2: Microscopie
Ongekleurde preparaten Vorm, beweeglijkheid en aanwezigheid van bacteriën,
parasieten, gisten en schimmels. “Rechtstreeks onderzoek”

Rechtstreeks onderzoek Leukocyten, eptiheelcellen, …

Gramkleuring Kristalviolet: In peptidoglycaanlaag
Iodine: complex
Decolorizer: Peptidoglycaanlaag doorlaatbaar, dun bij gram –
dus gram + paars
Safranine: aankleuren gram-

Calcofluorkleuring Kleuring fungi en opsporen Pneumocystis jirovecii in BAL-
vocht.
Uitstrijkpreparaat, calcofluorkleuring, spoelen.
Geel groene m.o.




3

, H3: Kweekmethoden
BODEM EXTRA GROEI VAN: INTERPRETATIE
EMB: Eosine Selectieve VB Gram - bacteriën Roze / paarse kolonies: Lactose vergisters
Methyleenblauw agar Kleurloze kolonies: Niet-lactose vergisters
Metaalglans: E. coli

HEA: Hectoen Enteric agar Selectieve VB: Gram – bacteriën Zalmroze kolonies: Lactose vergister
Hoge [zout] Groen-blauwe kolonies: Niet-lactose vergister
Shigella, Salmonella Zwart centrum: H2S+

MSA: Mannitol Salt agar Selectieve VB: Stafylokokken (+) Gele kleur: Staphylococcus aureus vergisting
Hoge [zout] mannitol

McC: Mc Conkey agar Selectieve VB: Gram – bacteriën Rode kolonies: Lactose vergisters
Galzouten en Beige kolonies: Niet-lactose vergisters
kristalviolet

Chocolade agar Universele VB
Gelyseerd bloed
Groeifactoren zorgen voor bruine kleur (X-factor (hemin) en A-factor(NAD+))
Haemopfilus influenzae, Neisseriae

Bloedagar Universele VB Alfa-hemolyse: groene kleur (partiële omzetting)
Basisbodem + bloed Streptococcus pneumoniae
Beta-hemolyse: heldere zone (volledige lyse)
Staphylococcus aureus
Gamma-hemolyse: normaal (geen lyse)
E. coli



Omgeving aeroben en facultatief anaeroben Gewone atmosfeer
Gewone druk

Omgeving Pneumokokken, Neisseria gonnorhoae en Verhoogde CO2 druk: capnofiel (5-10%)
Haemophilus, Speciale incubator

Omgeving strikt anaeroben Geen groei bij O2
Gaspak in hermetisch gesloten pot

Omgeving micro-aerofielen zoals Campylobacter Verminderde O2 spanning
Gaspak in cilindrische pot

Ideale temperatuur 36°C

Campylobacter & Clostridium: 42°C
Yersinia: <32°C (24°C)
Fungi: gist (30°C) en schimmels (25°C)




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