WGU C175 Data Management
Foundations OA TEST STUDY GUIDE
2026/2027 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
|| 100% GUARANTEED PASS
<RECENT VERSION>
1. What is a broad definition of data? - ANSWER Raw facts that are captured
on printed or digital media
2. What are data? - ANSWER Facts that are collected and stored in a database
system
3. What is a determining characteristic of unstructured data? - ANSWER It
does not follow a data model.
4. Which is true about flat files? - ANSWER They contain no internal
hierarchical organization.
5. Which technology has no internal hierarchy? - ANSWER Flat files
6. How were data retrieved before database management systems? - ANSWER
Sequentially from simple files
,7. In which two ways does a database management system environment
increase effectiveness in working with data? - ANSWER - It enables data
sharing,
- It permits storage of vast volumes of data.
8. What is the uniquely identifiable element about which data can be
categorized in an entity-relationship diagram? - ANSWER Entity types
9. Which classification is correct for the box marked "Quantity" in the given
entity-relationship diagram? - ANSWER Intersection data
10.Which data classification is an entity? - ANSWER Event
11.A salesperson is authorized to sell 12 products; a product can be sold by 10
salespersons.
12.Which kind of binary relationship is described in this example? - ANSWER
Many-to-many
13.entity instance or entity occurance - ANSWER A row in a relational table
14.entity set - ANSWER A collection of like entities
15.object-oriented data model (OODM) - ANSWER A data model whose basic
modeling structure is an object
16.object - ANSWER An abstract representation of a real world entity that has
a unique identity, embedded properties, and the ability to interact with other
objects and itself
,17.object-oriented database management system (OODBMS) - ANSWER Data
management software used to manage data in an object-oriented database
model
18.relational database - ANSWER A collection of relations that contain the data
describing a particular business environment.
19.class - ANSWER A collection of similar objects with shared structure
(attributes) and behavior (methods).
20.method - ANSWER In the object-oriented data model, a named set of
instructions to perform an action.
21.class hierarchy - ANSWER The organization of classes in a hierarchical tree
in which each parent class is a superclass and each child class is a subclass.
22.First normal form - ANSWER exists when all the columns in a table are
atomic, i.e., only a single value is allowed in each column. All the attributes
are listed in one table and a primary key is selected.
23.INSERT command - ANSWER It is used to add a new record in a table.
(data)
24.Normalization - ANSWER It is the process of organizing the fields and
tables of a relational database to minimize redundancy (duplication) and
dependency. Organizes attributes into tables so that redundancy among non-
key attributes is eliminated. (Decomposition process). Produces E-R
diagrams.
, 25.Second normal form - ANSWER Second normal form (2NF) is the second
step in normalizing a database. 2NF builds on the first normal form (1NF).
In second normal form, all non-key attributes must be fully functionally
dependent on the entire key of that table. will decompose table one into
smaller table and reduce data redundancy.
26.Third normal form - ANSWER In third normal form, non-key attributes are
not allowed to define other non-key attributes.
27.UPDATE command - ANSWER you have to identify which row(s) of a
table are to be updated based on data values within those rows. Then you
have to specify which columns are to be updated and what the new data
values of those columns in those rows will be.
28.Affinity group - ANSWER evaluating relationships or associations between
data elements. used as a way to create product packages that have appeal to
large market segments.
29.Business Intelligence - ANSWER The transformation of raw data into useful
information. Turns data into information into knowledge into plans.
-increased profitability -financial value -productivity -trust value -risk value
-increased throughput with decreased workloads
30.The Crow's Foot notation depicts the strong relationship with a(n) _____
line between the entities. - ANSWER solid
31.A _____ relationship exists when an association is maintained within a
single entity.
A strong
B weak
C unary
Foundations OA TEST STUDY GUIDE
2026/2027 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
|| 100% GUARANTEED PASS
<RECENT VERSION>
1. What is a broad definition of data? - ANSWER Raw facts that are captured
on printed or digital media
2. What are data? - ANSWER Facts that are collected and stored in a database
system
3. What is a determining characteristic of unstructured data? - ANSWER It
does not follow a data model.
4. Which is true about flat files? - ANSWER They contain no internal
hierarchical organization.
5. Which technology has no internal hierarchy? - ANSWER Flat files
6. How were data retrieved before database management systems? - ANSWER
Sequentially from simple files
,7. In which two ways does a database management system environment
increase effectiveness in working with data? - ANSWER - It enables data
sharing,
- It permits storage of vast volumes of data.
8. What is the uniquely identifiable element about which data can be
categorized in an entity-relationship diagram? - ANSWER Entity types
9. Which classification is correct for the box marked "Quantity" in the given
entity-relationship diagram? - ANSWER Intersection data
10.Which data classification is an entity? - ANSWER Event
11.A salesperson is authorized to sell 12 products; a product can be sold by 10
salespersons.
12.Which kind of binary relationship is described in this example? - ANSWER
Many-to-many
13.entity instance or entity occurance - ANSWER A row in a relational table
14.entity set - ANSWER A collection of like entities
15.object-oriented data model (OODM) - ANSWER A data model whose basic
modeling structure is an object
16.object - ANSWER An abstract representation of a real world entity that has
a unique identity, embedded properties, and the ability to interact with other
objects and itself
,17.object-oriented database management system (OODBMS) - ANSWER Data
management software used to manage data in an object-oriented database
model
18.relational database - ANSWER A collection of relations that contain the data
describing a particular business environment.
19.class - ANSWER A collection of similar objects with shared structure
(attributes) and behavior (methods).
20.method - ANSWER In the object-oriented data model, a named set of
instructions to perform an action.
21.class hierarchy - ANSWER The organization of classes in a hierarchical tree
in which each parent class is a superclass and each child class is a subclass.
22.First normal form - ANSWER exists when all the columns in a table are
atomic, i.e., only a single value is allowed in each column. All the attributes
are listed in one table and a primary key is selected.
23.INSERT command - ANSWER It is used to add a new record in a table.
(data)
24.Normalization - ANSWER It is the process of organizing the fields and
tables of a relational database to minimize redundancy (duplication) and
dependency. Organizes attributes into tables so that redundancy among non-
key attributes is eliminated. (Decomposition process). Produces E-R
diagrams.
, 25.Second normal form - ANSWER Second normal form (2NF) is the second
step in normalizing a database. 2NF builds on the first normal form (1NF).
In second normal form, all non-key attributes must be fully functionally
dependent on the entire key of that table. will decompose table one into
smaller table and reduce data redundancy.
26.Third normal form - ANSWER In third normal form, non-key attributes are
not allowed to define other non-key attributes.
27.UPDATE command - ANSWER you have to identify which row(s) of a
table are to be updated based on data values within those rows. Then you
have to specify which columns are to be updated and what the new data
values of those columns in those rows will be.
28.Affinity group - ANSWER evaluating relationships or associations between
data elements. used as a way to create product packages that have appeal to
large market segments.
29.Business Intelligence - ANSWER The transformation of raw data into useful
information. Turns data into information into knowledge into plans.
-increased profitability -financial value -productivity -trust value -risk value
-increased throughput with decreased workloads
30.The Crow's Foot notation depicts the strong relationship with a(n) _____
line between the entities. - ANSWER solid
31.A _____ relationship exists when an association is maintained within a
single entity.
A strong
B weak
C unary
