NURS 535 EXAMINATION 2026 SET QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Polygenic - ✔✔Genetic traits in which variation is thought to be caused by the
combined effects of multiple genes
✔✔Multifactorial trait - ✔✔Genetic traits in which variation is thought to be caused by
multiple genetic and environmental factors
✔✔Congenital disease - ✔✔Diseases present at birth
✔✔Multifactorial disorder - ✔✔Coronary heart disease is an example of a...
✔✔Proband - ✔✔A person having a trait or disease for whom a pedigree is constructed
or a person with whom a pedigree begins
✔✔Alzheimer disease - ✔✔Variance in the presenilin gene increases the risk of which
disease?
✔✔Hypertension - ✔✔Variance in the angiotensinogen gene increases the risk of which
disease?
✔✔Obesity - ✔✔Variance in the leptin gene increases the risk of which disease?
✔✔Schizophrenia - ✔✔Variance in genes whose products interact with glutamate
receptors increases the risk of which disease?
✔✔Coronary heart disease - ✔✔Variance in the LDL receptor genes increases the risk
of which disease?
✔✔Gene - ✔✔Segment of the DNA that is the basic unit of inheritance
✔✔Codon - ✔✔Sequence of three nitrogenous bases that specifies a particular amino
acid
✔✔Mutation - ✔✔Alteration of DNA capable of being passed to offspring
✔✔Frameshift mutation - ✔✔Mutation that shifts the "reading" frame of the genetic
message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide
✔✔Intron - ✔✔Noncoding segment spliced out of the mRNA
✔✔Exon - ✔✔Segment of mRNA that codes for proteins
, ✔✔Autosome - ✔✔Chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
✔✔Monosomy - ✔✔Which is more lethal: monosomy or trisomy?
✔✔46,XY - ✔✔What is the normal karyotype for a woman?
✔✔45,X - ✔✔What is the karyotype for someone with Turner syndrome?
✔✔Klinefelter - ✔✔Persons who have the 47,XXY karyotype have which syndrome?
✔✔Haploid - ✔✔A cell that has only 23 chromosomes; a gamete (egg or sperm)
✔✔Chromosomal disorder - ✔✔A disorder caused by abnormalities in the number or
structure of chromosomes
✔✔Single gene disorder - ✔✔A disordered that is inherited and caused by a mutation in
the DNA
✔✔Inflammation - ✔✔Redness, heat, swelling, and pain are characteristics of:
✔✔Mast cells - ✔✔Release chemicals that initiate the inflammatory response
✔✔Eosinophils - ✔✔Defend against parasites; degrade vasoactive substances released
by mast cells
✔✔Natural killer cells - ✔✔Eliminate virus-infected cells
✔✔Macrophages - ✔✔Phagocytize microorganisms and cellular debris; secrete
chemicals that promote tissue healing; activate adaptive immunity
✔✔Neutrophils - ✔✔Phagocytize microorganisms and cellular debris soon after injury;
secrete chemicals that call in longer-acting phagocytes
✔✔Cell lysis - ✔✔The complement cascade concludes with__. But also includes: 1)
anaphylatoxic activity resulting in mast cell degranulation, 2) leukocyte chemotaxis, and
3) opsonization (tagging molecules for destruction)
✔✔X - ✔✔What factor starts the common pathway between the intrinsic and extrinsic
pathways in the coagulation cascade?
✔✔Thrombin - ✔✔What is the enzyme that cuts high-molecular weight fibrinogen into
fibrin molecules?
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Polygenic - ✔✔Genetic traits in which variation is thought to be caused by the
combined effects of multiple genes
✔✔Multifactorial trait - ✔✔Genetic traits in which variation is thought to be caused by
multiple genetic and environmental factors
✔✔Congenital disease - ✔✔Diseases present at birth
✔✔Multifactorial disorder - ✔✔Coronary heart disease is an example of a...
✔✔Proband - ✔✔A person having a trait or disease for whom a pedigree is constructed
or a person with whom a pedigree begins
✔✔Alzheimer disease - ✔✔Variance in the presenilin gene increases the risk of which
disease?
✔✔Hypertension - ✔✔Variance in the angiotensinogen gene increases the risk of which
disease?
✔✔Obesity - ✔✔Variance in the leptin gene increases the risk of which disease?
✔✔Schizophrenia - ✔✔Variance in genes whose products interact with glutamate
receptors increases the risk of which disease?
✔✔Coronary heart disease - ✔✔Variance in the LDL receptor genes increases the risk
of which disease?
✔✔Gene - ✔✔Segment of the DNA that is the basic unit of inheritance
✔✔Codon - ✔✔Sequence of three nitrogenous bases that specifies a particular amino
acid
✔✔Mutation - ✔✔Alteration of DNA capable of being passed to offspring
✔✔Frameshift mutation - ✔✔Mutation that shifts the "reading" frame of the genetic
message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide
✔✔Intron - ✔✔Noncoding segment spliced out of the mRNA
✔✔Exon - ✔✔Segment of mRNA that codes for proteins
, ✔✔Autosome - ✔✔Chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
✔✔Monosomy - ✔✔Which is more lethal: monosomy or trisomy?
✔✔46,XY - ✔✔What is the normal karyotype for a woman?
✔✔45,X - ✔✔What is the karyotype for someone with Turner syndrome?
✔✔Klinefelter - ✔✔Persons who have the 47,XXY karyotype have which syndrome?
✔✔Haploid - ✔✔A cell that has only 23 chromosomes; a gamete (egg or sperm)
✔✔Chromosomal disorder - ✔✔A disorder caused by abnormalities in the number or
structure of chromosomes
✔✔Single gene disorder - ✔✔A disordered that is inherited and caused by a mutation in
the DNA
✔✔Inflammation - ✔✔Redness, heat, swelling, and pain are characteristics of:
✔✔Mast cells - ✔✔Release chemicals that initiate the inflammatory response
✔✔Eosinophils - ✔✔Defend against parasites; degrade vasoactive substances released
by mast cells
✔✔Natural killer cells - ✔✔Eliminate virus-infected cells
✔✔Macrophages - ✔✔Phagocytize microorganisms and cellular debris; secrete
chemicals that promote tissue healing; activate adaptive immunity
✔✔Neutrophils - ✔✔Phagocytize microorganisms and cellular debris soon after injury;
secrete chemicals that call in longer-acting phagocytes
✔✔Cell lysis - ✔✔The complement cascade concludes with__. But also includes: 1)
anaphylatoxic activity resulting in mast cell degranulation, 2) leukocyte chemotaxis, and
3) opsonization (tagging molecules for destruction)
✔✔X - ✔✔What factor starts the common pathway between the intrinsic and extrinsic
pathways in the coagulation cascade?
✔✔Thrombin - ✔✔What is the enzyme that cuts high-molecular weight fibrinogen into
fibrin molecules?
