SOLUTION MANUAL FOR
g g
StatisticsgforgNursinggResearch:gAgWorkbookgforgEvidence-BasedgPracticeg3rdgEditiongbygSusangK.
g g Grove
FULL TEST BANK!!!g g
, Answer Guidelines for Questions to Be Graded
g g g g g g
g g
Measurement: Nominal,
g
g
g g
g
1
Thegquestionsg areging boldg followedg byg answers.
1. IngTableg1,gidentifygtheglevelgofgmeasurementgforgthegcurrentgtherapygvariable.gProvidegagrat
ionalegforgyourganswer.
Answer:gThegcurrentgtherapygvariablegwasgmeasuredgatgthegnominalglevel.gThesegdruggcategori
esgweregprobablygdevelopedgtogbegexhaustivegforgthisgstudygandgincludedgthegcategoriesgofgdru
gsgthegsubjectsgweregreceiving.gHowever,gthegcategoriesgaregnotgexclusive,gsincegpatientsgaregu
suallygongmoregthangonegcategorygofgthesegdrugsgtogmanagegtheirghealthgproblems.gThegcurren
tgtherapiesgaregnotgmeasuredgatgthegordinalglevelgbecausegtheygcannotgbegrankgordered,gsincegnog
druggcategorygcangbegconsideredgmoregorglessgbeneficialgthanganothergdruggcategoryg(seegFigu
reg1-1;gGroveg&gGray,g2019).
2. Whatg isg theg modeg forg theg currentg therapyg variableg ing thisg study?g Provideg ag rationaleg f
orgyourganswer.
Answer:gThegmodegforgcurrentg therapygwasgβgblocker.gAgtotalg ofg 100g(94%)gofgthegcardiacg patients
wereg receivingg thisg categoryg ofg drug,g whichg wasg theg mostg commong prescribedg drugg forg thi
sgsample.
3. WhatgstatisticsgweregconductedgtogdescribegthegBMIgofgthegcardiacgpatientsgingthisgsample?g
Discussg whetherg theseg analysisg techniquesg wereg appropriateg org inappropriate.
Answer:gBMIgwasgdescribedgwithgagmeangandgstandardgdeviationg(SD).gBMIgmeasurementgresulted
g ingratio-
levelg datag withg continuousg valuesg andg ang absoluteg zerog (Stoneg &g Frazier,g 2017).g Ratio-
glevelgdatagshouldgbeganalyzedgwithgparametricgstatisticsgsuchgasgthegmeangandgSDg(Groveg&gGray,
g2017;gKnapp,g2017).
4. Researchersgusedgthegfollowinggitemgtogmeasuregregisteredgnurses’g(RNs)gincomegingagstudy:
g Whatgcategorygidentifies gyourgcurrentgincomegasgangRN?
a. Lessg thang $50,000
b. $50,000g tog 59,999
c. $60,000g tog 69,999
d. $70,000g tog 80,000
e. $80,000g org greater
Whatg levelg ofg measurementg isg thisg incomeg variable?g Doesg theg incomeg variableg followg the
grulesg outlinedging Figureg 1-1?g Provideg agrationaleg forg yourg answer.
Answer:gIngthisgexample,gthegincomegvariablegisgmeasuredgatgthegordinalglevel.gThegincomegcatego-
griesg areg exhaustive,g rangingg fromg lessg thang $50,000g tog greaterg thang $80,000.g Theg twog open-
ended
, 1-1
AGg1-2 AnswergGuidelinesgforgQuestionsgtogBegGraded
categoriesgensuregthatgallgsalaryglevelsgaregcovered.gThegcategoriesgaregnotgexclusive,gsincegcatego-
griesg(d)gandg(e)gincludegang$80,000gsalary,gsogstudygparticipantsgmakingg$80,000gmightgmarkg
eitherg(d)gorg(e)gorgbothgcategories,gresultinggingerroneousgdata.gCategoryg(e)gcouldgbegchange
dg toggreatergthang$80,000,gmakinggthegcategoriesgexclusive.gThegcategoriesgcangbegrankgorder
edgfromgtheglowestgsalarygtogtheghighestgsalary,gwhichgisgconsistentgwithgordinalgdatag(Groveg
&gGray,g2019;gWaltzgetgal.,g2017).
5. Whatg levelg ofg measurementg isg theg CDSg score?g Provideg ag rationaleg forg yourg answer.
Answer:gThegCDSgscoregisgatgthegintervalglevelgofgmeasurement.gThegCDSgisgag26-
itemgLikertgscalegdevelopedgtogmeasuregdepressiongingcardiacgpatients.gStudygparticipantsgrate
dgtheirgsymp-
gtomsgongagscalegofg1gtog7,gwithghigher gnumbersgindicatinggincreasedgseveritygingthegdepressio
ngsymptoms.gThegtotalgscoresgforgeachgsubjectgobtainedgfromgthisgmulti-
itemgscalegaregconsideredgtogbegatgthegintervalglevelgofgmeasurementg(Graygetgal.,g2017;gWaltz
getgal.,g2017).
6. Weregnonparametricg orgparametricganalysisgtechniquesgusedgtoganalyzegthegCDSgscoresgforg
theg cardiacg patientsg ingthisg study?g Provideg ag rationaleg forg yourg answer.
Answer:g Parametricg statistics,g suchg asg meang andg SD,g wereg conductedg tog describeg CDSg scores
gforgstudygparticipantsg(seegTableg1).gCDSgscoresgareginterval-
levelgdatagasgindicatedgingQuestionsg5,gsogparametricgstatisticsgaregappropriategforgthisglevelgofgdata
g(Graygetgal.,g2017;gKimg&gMallory,g2017).
7. Isg theg prevalenceg ofg depressiong linkedg tog theg NYHAg class?g Discussg theg clinicalg importan
cegofgthisgresult.
Answer:g Theg studyg narrativeg indicatedg thatg theg prevalenceg ofg depressiong increasedg withg thegg
reatergNYHAgclass.gIngNYHAgclassgIII,g64%gofgthegsubjectsgweregdepressed,gwhereasg11%gofgtheg
subjectsgweregdepressedgingNYHAgclassgI.gThus,gasgthegNYHAgclassgincreased,gthegnumbergofgsub
-
gjectsgwithgdepressiongincreased.gThisgisgangexpectedgfindinggbecausegasgthegNYHAgclassgincreases
,gcardiacgpatientsghavegmoregseveregphysicalgsymptoms,gwhichgusuallygresultgingemotionalgdistress,
gsuchgasgdepression.gNursesgneedgtogactivelygassessgcardiacgpatientsgforgdepression,gespeciallygthos
eg ing higherg NYHAg classes,g sog theyg mightg beg diagnosedg andg treatedg asg needed.
8. Whatg frequencyg andg percentg ofg cardiacg patientsg ing thisg studyg wereg notg beingg treatedg wi
thgangantidepressant?gShowgyourgcalculationsgandgroundgyourganswergtogthegnearestgwholegp
ercentg(%).
Answer:gAgtotalg ofg 106g cardiacg patientsg participatedg ing thisg study.g Theg sampleg includ
edg15gpatientsgwhogweregreceivinggangantidepressantg(seegTableg1).gTheg numberg ofg cardiacg p
atientsg notg treatedg forg depressiong wasg 91g (106g –
g 15g =g91). g Theg groupg percentg isg calculatedgbyg theg followingg formula:g (groupg frequencyg
÷gtotalg sampleg size)g ×g100%.g Forg thisg study,g(91gpatientsg÷g106gsamplegsize)g×g100%g=
g0.858g× g100%g=g85.8%g=g86%. gTheg finalganswerg isg roundedg togtheg nearestg wholeg perce
ntg asg directedg ingtheg question.g Youg couldg havegalsogsubtractedgtheg14%gofgpatientsgtreatedg
withgantidepressantsgfromg100%gandgobtainedgtheg86%gwhogweregnotgtreatedgwithgangantidepr
essant.
9. Whatgwasgthegpurposegofgtheg6-
minutegwalkgtestg(6MWT)?gWouldgtheg6MWTgbegusefulgingclinicalgpractice?
Answer:gHagetgal.g(2018)gstated,g“Theg6-
mingwalkgtestg(6MWT)gisgagmeasuregofgthegsubmaximal,gsteady-
stategfunctionalgcapacity”gofgcardiacgpatients.gThisgtestgwouldgbegagquick,geasygwaygtogdetermi
negagcardiacgpatient’sgfunctionalgstatusgingagclinicalg setting.g Thisg functionalg statusgscoreg co
, uldg beg usedg tog determineg theg treatmentg plang tog promoteg org maintaing functionalg statusgofgcar
diacgpatients.
g g
StatisticsgforgNursinggResearch:gAgWorkbookgforgEvidence-BasedgPracticeg3rdgEditiongbygSusangK.
g g Grove
FULL TEST BANK!!!g g
, Answer Guidelines for Questions to Be Graded
g g g g g g
g g
Measurement: Nominal,
g
g
g g
g
1
Thegquestionsg areging boldg followedg byg answers.
1. IngTableg1,gidentifygtheglevelgofgmeasurementgforgthegcurrentgtherapygvariable.gProvidegagrat
ionalegforgyourganswer.
Answer:gThegcurrentgtherapygvariablegwasgmeasuredgatgthegnominalglevel.gThesegdruggcategori
esgweregprobablygdevelopedgtogbegexhaustivegforgthisgstudygandgincludedgthegcategoriesgofgdru
gsgthegsubjectsgweregreceiving.gHowever,gthegcategoriesgaregnotgexclusive,gsincegpatientsgaregu
suallygongmoregthangonegcategorygofgthesegdrugsgtogmanagegtheirghealthgproblems.gThegcurren
tgtherapiesgaregnotgmeasuredgatgthegordinalglevelgbecausegtheygcannotgbegrankgordered,gsincegnog
druggcategorygcangbegconsideredgmoregorglessgbeneficialgthanganothergdruggcategoryg(seegFigu
reg1-1;gGroveg&gGray,g2019).
2. Whatg isg theg modeg forg theg currentg therapyg variableg ing thisg study?g Provideg ag rationaleg f
orgyourganswer.
Answer:gThegmodegforgcurrentg therapygwasgβgblocker.gAgtotalg ofg 100g(94%)gofgthegcardiacg patients
wereg receivingg thisg categoryg ofg drug,g whichg wasg theg mostg commong prescribedg drugg forg thi
sgsample.
3. WhatgstatisticsgweregconductedgtogdescribegthegBMIgofgthegcardiacgpatientsgingthisgsample?g
Discussg whetherg theseg analysisg techniquesg wereg appropriateg org inappropriate.
Answer:gBMIgwasgdescribedgwithgagmeangandgstandardgdeviationg(SD).gBMIgmeasurementgresulted
g ingratio-
levelg datag withg continuousg valuesg andg ang absoluteg zerog (Stoneg &g Frazier,g 2017).g Ratio-
glevelgdatagshouldgbeganalyzedgwithgparametricgstatisticsgsuchgasgthegmeangandgSDg(Groveg&gGray,
g2017;gKnapp,g2017).
4. Researchersgusedgthegfollowinggitemgtogmeasuregregisteredgnurses’g(RNs)gincomegingagstudy:
g Whatgcategorygidentifies gyourgcurrentgincomegasgangRN?
a. Lessg thang $50,000
b. $50,000g tog 59,999
c. $60,000g tog 69,999
d. $70,000g tog 80,000
e. $80,000g org greater
Whatg levelg ofg measurementg isg thisg incomeg variable?g Doesg theg incomeg variableg followg the
grulesg outlinedging Figureg 1-1?g Provideg agrationaleg forg yourg answer.
Answer:gIngthisgexample,gthegincomegvariablegisgmeasuredgatgthegordinalglevel.gThegincomegcatego-
griesg areg exhaustive,g rangingg fromg lessg thang $50,000g tog greaterg thang $80,000.g Theg twog open-
ended
, 1-1
AGg1-2 AnswergGuidelinesgforgQuestionsgtogBegGraded
categoriesgensuregthatgallgsalaryglevelsgaregcovered.gThegcategoriesgaregnotgexclusive,gsincegcatego-
griesg(d)gandg(e)gincludegang$80,000gsalary,gsogstudygparticipantsgmakingg$80,000gmightgmarkg
eitherg(d)gorg(e)gorgbothgcategories,gresultinggingerroneousgdata.gCategoryg(e)gcouldgbegchange
dg toggreatergthang$80,000,gmakinggthegcategoriesgexclusive.gThegcategoriesgcangbegrankgorder
edgfromgtheglowestgsalarygtogtheghighestgsalary,gwhichgisgconsistentgwithgordinalgdatag(Groveg
&gGray,g2019;gWaltzgetgal.,g2017).
5. Whatg levelg ofg measurementg isg theg CDSg score?g Provideg ag rationaleg forg yourg answer.
Answer:gThegCDSgscoregisgatgthegintervalglevelgofgmeasurement.gThegCDSgisgag26-
itemgLikertgscalegdevelopedgtogmeasuregdepressiongingcardiacgpatients.gStudygparticipantsgrate
dgtheirgsymp-
gtomsgongagscalegofg1gtog7,gwithghigher gnumbersgindicatinggincreasedgseveritygingthegdepressio
ngsymptoms.gThegtotalgscoresgforgeachgsubjectgobtainedgfromgthisgmulti-
itemgscalegaregconsideredgtogbegatgthegintervalglevelgofgmeasurementg(Graygetgal.,g2017;gWaltz
getgal.,g2017).
6. Weregnonparametricg orgparametricganalysisgtechniquesgusedgtoganalyzegthegCDSgscoresgforg
theg cardiacg patientsg ingthisg study?g Provideg ag rationaleg forg yourg answer.
Answer:g Parametricg statistics,g suchg asg meang andg SD,g wereg conductedg tog describeg CDSg scores
gforgstudygparticipantsg(seegTableg1).gCDSgscoresgareginterval-
levelgdatagasgindicatedgingQuestionsg5,gsogparametricgstatisticsgaregappropriategforgthisglevelgofgdata
g(Graygetgal.,g2017;gKimg&gMallory,g2017).
7. Isg theg prevalenceg ofg depressiong linkedg tog theg NYHAg class?g Discussg theg clinicalg importan
cegofgthisgresult.
Answer:g Theg studyg narrativeg indicatedg thatg theg prevalenceg ofg depressiong increasedg withg thegg
reatergNYHAgclass.gIngNYHAgclassgIII,g64%gofgthegsubjectsgweregdepressed,gwhereasg11%gofgtheg
subjectsgweregdepressedgingNYHAgclassgI.gThus,gasgthegNYHAgclassgincreased,gthegnumbergofgsub
-
gjectsgwithgdepressiongincreased.gThisgisgangexpectedgfindinggbecausegasgthegNYHAgclassgincreases
,gcardiacgpatientsghavegmoregseveregphysicalgsymptoms,gwhichgusuallygresultgingemotionalgdistress,
gsuchgasgdepression.gNursesgneedgtogactivelygassessgcardiacgpatientsgforgdepression,gespeciallygthos
eg ing higherg NYHAg classes,g sog theyg mightg beg diagnosedg andg treatedg asg needed.
8. Whatg frequencyg andg percentg ofg cardiacg patientsg ing thisg studyg wereg notg beingg treatedg wi
thgangantidepressant?gShowgyourgcalculationsgandgroundgyourganswergtogthegnearestgwholegp
ercentg(%).
Answer:gAgtotalg ofg 106g cardiacg patientsg participatedg ing thisg study.g Theg sampleg includ
edg15gpatientsgwhogweregreceivinggangantidepressantg(seegTableg1).gTheg numberg ofg cardiacg p
atientsg notg treatedg forg depressiong wasg 91g (106g –
g 15g =g91). g Theg groupg percentg isg calculatedgbyg theg followingg formula:g (groupg frequencyg
÷gtotalg sampleg size)g ×g100%.g Forg thisg study,g(91gpatientsg÷g106gsamplegsize)g×g100%g=
g0.858g× g100%g=g85.8%g=g86%. gTheg finalganswerg isg roundedg togtheg nearestg wholeg perce
ntg asg directedg ingtheg question.g Youg couldg havegalsogsubtractedgtheg14%gofgpatientsgtreatedg
withgantidepressantsgfromg100%gandgobtainedgtheg86%gwhogweregnotgtreatedgwithgangantidepr
essant.
9. Whatgwasgthegpurposegofgtheg6-
minutegwalkgtestg(6MWT)?gWouldgtheg6MWTgbegusefulgingclinicalgpractice?
Answer:gHagetgal.g(2018)gstated,g“Theg6-
mingwalkgtestg(6MWT)gisgagmeasuregofgthegsubmaximal,gsteady-
stategfunctionalgcapacity”gofgcardiacgpatients.gThisgtestgwouldgbegagquick,geasygwaygtogdetermi
negagcardiacgpatient’sgfunctionalgstatusgingagclinicalg setting.g Thisg functionalg statusgscoreg co
, uldg beg usedg tog determineg theg treatmentg plang tog promoteg org maintaing functionalg statusgofgcar
diacgpatients.
