N138 FINAL EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
RATED A+
✔✔*Nursing Standards est. by Profession Itself* - ✔✔1. *Nursing's Social Policy
Statement* -> describes *obligation to the patients*; includes the ANA's contemporary
definition of nursing
2. *Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice* -> expectations of the professional role
and lists of standard competencies (latest one is from 2015)
3. *Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements*; dates back to Florence
Nightingale; ultimately, strengthens and guides decision-making
(a) statement of the ethical values, obligations, duties, an professional ideals of nurses
individually and collectively
(b) nursing's non-negotiable ethical standard
(c) expresses nursing's own understanding of its commitment to society
✔✔Collegiality - ✔✔The promotion of a supportive and healthy work environment,
cooperation, and recognition of interdependence among members of the nursing
profession
e.g. professional nurses demonstrate collegiality by sharing with, supporting, assisting,
and counseling other nurses and student nurses; take part in professional orgs, serve
as role models for students, welcome learners and their instructors in a practice setting,
publish in professional literature, and support peer assistance programs for impaired
nurses
Can find more info about the value of collegiality in *Nursing: Scope and Standards of
Practice*
3 types of collegiality:
(1) Essence- creating a healthy work environment and supporting the interdependence
of other nurses
(2) Support for peers, student nurses
(3) Collegial behaviors (participating in research, assisting, counseling other nurses)
✔✔*3 Components of Collegiality* - ✔✔*1. Essence -* promotion of supportive, healthy
work environment
*2. Support -* for nurses and students
*3. Collegial behaviors -* share knowledge with colleagues and students, take part in
professional organizations, publish in professional literature, etc.
✔✔*Barriers to Professionalism in Nursing* - ✔✔1. *Varying levels of education for entry
into practice:* no other profession allows entry into practice at less than a bachelor's
,level; yet nursing has 3 entry levels: BSN, ADN, diploma in nursing; to the contrary,
many professions like law, medicine, dentistry, and PT require grad school; professional
status and power increase with education, so a legitimate question nursing must ask
itself is how professional peers level with nurses when most nurses don't hold a
bachelor's degree?
2. *Gender Issues:* Continues to play a role in the perceived value of professions
dominated by women such as teaching, social work, and nursing; the persistent
devaluing of women's work in our society has created an ongoing struggle for
professions such as nursing and teaching to increase their status, increase their
compensation, and improve working conditions; recognize that gender politics does
affect nursing's professional development
3. *Historical Influences:* Nursing's historical connections with religious orders and the
military continue to have influence; e.g. unquestioning obedience, which runs counter to
the professional values of autonomy and self-determination in nursing; also altruism,
which prevents nurses from demanding fair economic valuation of their work without
looking greedy or selfish
4. *External Conflicts:* Tensions between medicine and nursing have risen; lobbying
efforts in state legislatures to ensure the legal scope of nursing practice is protected and
reflects current training and expertise of professional nurses; however, nurses must
strive for collaboration, NOT COMPETITION, with physicians and other health care
providers
5. *Internal Conflicts:* Power and influence within nursing are fragmented by subgroups
and dissension; tensions among nurses with various levels of education reduce the
vitality of th
✔✔3 Branches of Government - ✔✔*Legislative-* makes statutory law, delegates
authority to governmental agencies to create rules and regulations that meet the intent
of statutes (administrative law)
*Executive-* implements laws through governmental agencies
*Judicial-* makes court decisions that amends and expands common law; interprets
statutory law
✔✔3 (Main) Types of Laws in the US - ✔✔1. *Common law:* laws that are generated
through court decisions; every time a judge makes a decision, the body of common laws
expand
2. *Statutory law:* laws established through formal legislative processes
3. *Administrative law:* result when the legislative branch of government delegates
authority to governmental agencies to create laws that meet the intent of the statute -->
MOST COMMON IN NURSING/MEDICAL FIELD
e.g. when a nurse practices without a valid license
, ✔✔Civil vs. Criminal Law - ✔✔*Criminal laws* regulate crimes, or wrongs committed
against the government, or construed as an offense against public safety/society
e.g. murder, assault, theft, drunk driving
*Civil laws* regulate disputes between private parties
e.g. breach of contract, child custody case, defamation, negligence resulting in injury or
death *(malpractice)*, property damage
✔✔Nursing Practice Act - ✔✔*Objectives of NPA:*
- defines practice of professional nursing
- describes the authority, power, and composition of the BON
- defines educational program standards
- sets the minimum educational qualifications and other requirements for licensure
- determines and protects the legal titles and abbreviations nurses may use
- provides disciplinary action of licensees for certain causes
In many states, NPA is a statutory law affecting nursing practice within bounds of the
state
✔✔Example of NPA being challenged through the legal system - ✔✔NPs want to
practice independently without having a physician oversee or sign off on their orders
✔✔State Board of Nursing (SBN) - ✔✔The regulatory body in each state that regulates
and enforces the *scope of practice* and *discipline* of the members of the nursing
profession; delegated by the governor (executive branch) to administer aka carry out
the NPA
Legislature writes the law for each state --> delegates authority to enforce the law to
executive agency (Board of Nursing), where the law is then enforced
3 functions that mirror those of the federal and state governments:
(1) Executive - authority to administer the NPA
(2) Legislative - authority to adopt rules necessary to implement the NPA
(3) Judicial - authority to deny, suspend, or revoke a license/deny application for
licensure
*State Board of Nursing's authority is limited;* they can adopt rules that clarify general
provisions of the NPA, but cannot enlarge the law.
✔✔Authority and Powers of the State Board of Nursing - ✔✔*Executive* - authority for
BON to administer the NPA
*Legislative* - authority to adopt rules to clarify provisions in the NPA
*Judicial* - authority to deny, suspend, revoke, license or application for licensure
RATED A+
✔✔*Nursing Standards est. by Profession Itself* - ✔✔1. *Nursing's Social Policy
Statement* -> describes *obligation to the patients*; includes the ANA's contemporary
definition of nursing
2. *Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice* -> expectations of the professional role
and lists of standard competencies (latest one is from 2015)
3. *Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements*; dates back to Florence
Nightingale; ultimately, strengthens and guides decision-making
(a) statement of the ethical values, obligations, duties, an professional ideals of nurses
individually and collectively
(b) nursing's non-negotiable ethical standard
(c) expresses nursing's own understanding of its commitment to society
✔✔Collegiality - ✔✔The promotion of a supportive and healthy work environment,
cooperation, and recognition of interdependence among members of the nursing
profession
e.g. professional nurses demonstrate collegiality by sharing with, supporting, assisting,
and counseling other nurses and student nurses; take part in professional orgs, serve
as role models for students, welcome learners and their instructors in a practice setting,
publish in professional literature, and support peer assistance programs for impaired
nurses
Can find more info about the value of collegiality in *Nursing: Scope and Standards of
Practice*
3 types of collegiality:
(1) Essence- creating a healthy work environment and supporting the interdependence
of other nurses
(2) Support for peers, student nurses
(3) Collegial behaviors (participating in research, assisting, counseling other nurses)
✔✔*3 Components of Collegiality* - ✔✔*1. Essence -* promotion of supportive, healthy
work environment
*2. Support -* for nurses and students
*3. Collegial behaviors -* share knowledge with colleagues and students, take part in
professional organizations, publish in professional literature, etc.
✔✔*Barriers to Professionalism in Nursing* - ✔✔1. *Varying levels of education for entry
into practice:* no other profession allows entry into practice at less than a bachelor's
,level; yet nursing has 3 entry levels: BSN, ADN, diploma in nursing; to the contrary,
many professions like law, medicine, dentistry, and PT require grad school; professional
status and power increase with education, so a legitimate question nursing must ask
itself is how professional peers level with nurses when most nurses don't hold a
bachelor's degree?
2. *Gender Issues:* Continues to play a role in the perceived value of professions
dominated by women such as teaching, social work, and nursing; the persistent
devaluing of women's work in our society has created an ongoing struggle for
professions such as nursing and teaching to increase their status, increase their
compensation, and improve working conditions; recognize that gender politics does
affect nursing's professional development
3. *Historical Influences:* Nursing's historical connections with religious orders and the
military continue to have influence; e.g. unquestioning obedience, which runs counter to
the professional values of autonomy and self-determination in nursing; also altruism,
which prevents nurses from demanding fair economic valuation of their work without
looking greedy or selfish
4. *External Conflicts:* Tensions between medicine and nursing have risen; lobbying
efforts in state legislatures to ensure the legal scope of nursing practice is protected and
reflects current training and expertise of professional nurses; however, nurses must
strive for collaboration, NOT COMPETITION, with physicians and other health care
providers
5. *Internal Conflicts:* Power and influence within nursing are fragmented by subgroups
and dissension; tensions among nurses with various levels of education reduce the
vitality of th
✔✔3 Branches of Government - ✔✔*Legislative-* makes statutory law, delegates
authority to governmental agencies to create rules and regulations that meet the intent
of statutes (administrative law)
*Executive-* implements laws through governmental agencies
*Judicial-* makes court decisions that amends and expands common law; interprets
statutory law
✔✔3 (Main) Types of Laws in the US - ✔✔1. *Common law:* laws that are generated
through court decisions; every time a judge makes a decision, the body of common laws
expand
2. *Statutory law:* laws established through formal legislative processes
3. *Administrative law:* result when the legislative branch of government delegates
authority to governmental agencies to create laws that meet the intent of the statute -->
MOST COMMON IN NURSING/MEDICAL FIELD
e.g. when a nurse practices without a valid license
, ✔✔Civil vs. Criminal Law - ✔✔*Criminal laws* regulate crimes, or wrongs committed
against the government, or construed as an offense against public safety/society
e.g. murder, assault, theft, drunk driving
*Civil laws* regulate disputes between private parties
e.g. breach of contract, child custody case, defamation, negligence resulting in injury or
death *(malpractice)*, property damage
✔✔Nursing Practice Act - ✔✔*Objectives of NPA:*
- defines practice of professional nursing
- describes the authority, power, and composition of the BON
- defines educational program standards
- sets the minimum educational qualifications and other requirements for licensure
- determines and protects the legal titles and abbreviations nurses may use
- provides disciplinary action of licensees for certain causes
In many states, NPA is a statutory law affecting nursing practice within bounds of the
state
✔✔Example of NPA being challenged through the legal system - ✔✔NPs want to
practice independently without having a physician oversee or sign off on their orders
✔✔State Board of Nursing (SBN) - ✔✔The regulatory body in each state that regulates
and enforces the *scope of practice* and *discipline* of the members of the nursing
profession; delegated by the governor (executive branch) to administer aka carry out
the NPA
Legislature writes the law for each state --> delegates authority to enforce the law to
executive agency (Board of Nursing), where the law is then enforced
3 functions that mirror those of the federal and state governments:
(1) Executive - authority to administer the NPA
(2) Legislative - authority to adopt rules necessary to implement the NPA
(3) Judicial - authority to deny, suspend, or revoke a license/deny application for
licensure
*State Board of Nursing's authority is limited;* they can adopt rules that clarify general
provisions of the NPA, but cannot enlarge the law.
✔✔Authority and Powers of the State Board of Nursing - ✔✔*Executive* - authority for
BON to administer the NPA
*Legislative* - authority to adopt rules to clarify provisions in the NPA
*Judicial* - authority to deny, suspend, revoke, license or application for licensure
