NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Quiz 1
– Walden University | Questions & Answers |
Latest Update 2026 | Exam Prep PDF | Graded
A+
How are cells specialized? - correct answerthrough the process of differentiation or
maturation
What are the eight specialized cellular functions? - correct answermovement,
conductivity, metabolic absorption, secretion, excretion, respiration, reproduction, and
communication
What are the three general components of an eukaryotic cell? - correct answerthe
plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, and the intracellular organelles.
What causes the release of lysosomal enzemes? - correct answerCellular injury causing
cellular self-digestion
What is the location and function of the nucleus? - correct answerthe largest
membrane-bound organelle and is found usually in the cell's center. The chief functions
of the nucleus are cell division and control of genetic information.
What is Cytoplasm? - correct answeran aqueous solution (cytosol) that fills the space
between the nucleus and the plasma membrane.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum and what does it specialize in? - correct answera
network of tubular channels (cisternae) that extend throughout the outer nuclear
membrane. It specializes in the synthesis and transport of protein and lipid components
of most of the organelles
What is the Golgi complex and what does it do? - correct answera network of smooth
membranes and vesicles located near the nucleus. The Golgi complex is responsible for
processing and packaging proteins into secretory vesicles
What are lysosomes and what do they do? - correct answersaclike structures that
originate from the Golgi complex and contain digestive enzymes. These enzymes are
responsible for digesting most cellular substances to their basic form, such as amino
acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates
What are peroxisomes? - correct answerinvolved in the production and breakdown of
hydrogen peroxide
, Importance of proteins in disease - correct answerThe major workhorses of the cell, if
misfolded they can cause diseases
What are mitochondria responsible for? - correct answer. Mitochondria contain the
metabolic machinery necessary for cellular energy metabolism (Makes ATP).
What is the cytoskeleton? - correct answerthe "bone and muscle" of the cell. The
internal skeleton is composed of a network of protein filaments, including microtubules
and actin filaments (microfilaments).
What is the plasma membrane? - correct answerencloses the cell and, by controlling
the movement of substances across it, exerts a powerful influence on metabolic
pathways
What is signal transduction? - correct answerThe transfer of molecular signals from the
exterior to the interior of a cell. If not done apoptosis occurs
What is protein regulation and what is it composed of? - correct answerprotein
homeostasis and is defined by the proteostasis network. This network is composed of
ribosomes (makers), chaperones (helpers), and protein breakdown or proteolytic
systems. Malfunction of these systems is associated with disease.
What do protein receptors do? - correct answeron the plasma membrane, enable the
cell to interact with other cells and with extracellular substances
What means accomplish cell-to-cell adhesions? - correct answer(1) the extracellular
membrane, (2) cell adhesion molecules in the cell's plasma membrane, and (3)
specialized cell junctions.
What makes up the extracellular matrix and what does it do? - correct answer(1) fibrous
structural proteins (collagen and elastin), (2) adhesive glycoproteins, and (3)
proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid. The matrix helps regulate cell growth, movement,
and differentiation.
How do cells communicate? - correct answer(1) they form protein channels (gap
junctions); (2) they display receptors that affect intracellular processes or other cells in
direct physical contact; and (3) they use receptor proteins inside the target cell.
How is intercellular signaling done? - correct answercontact-dependent, paracrine,
hormonal, neurohormonal, and neurotransmitter.
What is ATP? - correct answerAdenosine Triphosphate - ENERGY - is required for
active transport.
What is anabolism? - correct answerenergy-using process of metabolism
– Walden University | Questions & Answers |
Latest Update 2026 | Exam Prep PDF | Graded
A+
How are cells specialized? - correct answerthrough the process of differentiation or
maturation
What are the eight specialized cellular functions? - correct answermovement,
conductivity, metabolic absorption, secretion, excretion, respiration, reproduction, and
communication
What are the three general components of an eukaryotic cell? - correct answerthe
plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, and the intracellular organelles.
What causes the release of lysosomal enzemes? - correct answerCellular injury causing
cellular self-digestion
What is the location and function of the nucleus? - correct answerthe largest
membrane-bound organelle and is found usually in the cell's center. The chief functions
of the nucleus are cell division and control of genetic information.
What is Cytoplasm? - correct answeran aqueous solution (cytosol) that fills the space
between the nucleus and the plasma membrane.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum and what does it specialize in? - correct answera
network of tubular channels (cisternae) that extend throughout the outer nuclear
membrane. It specializes in the synthesis and transport of protein and lipid components
of most of the organelles
What is the Golgi complex and what does it do? - correct answera network of smooth
membranes and vesicles located near the nucleus. The Golgi complex is responsible for
processing and packaging proteins into secretory vesicles
What are lysosomes and what do they do? - correct answersaclike structures that
originate from the Golgi complex and contain digestive enzymes. These enzymes are
responsible for digesting most cellular substances to their basic form, such as amino
acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates
What are peroxisomes? - correct answerinvolved in the production and breakdown of
hydrogen peroxide
, Importance of proteins in disease - correct answerThe major workhorses of the cell, if
misfolded they can cause diseases
What are mitochondria responsible for? - correct answer. Mitochondria contain the
metabolic machinery necessary for cellular energy metabolism (Makes ATP).
What is the cytoskeleton? - correct answerthe "bone and muscle" of the cell. The
internal skeleton is composed of a network of protein filaments, including microtubules
and actin filaments (microfilaments).
What is the plasma membrane? - correct answerencloses the cell and, by controlling
the movement of substances across it, exerts a powerful influence on metabolic
pathways
What is signal transduction? - correct answerThe transfer of molecular signals from the
exterior to the interior of a cell. If not done apoptosis occurs
What is protein regulation and what is it composed of? - correct answerprotein
homeostasis and is defined by the proteostasis network. This network is composed of
ribosomes (makers), chaperones (helpers), and protein breakdown or proteolytic
systems. Malfunction of these systems is associated with disease.
What do protein receptors do? - correct answeron the plasma membrane, enable the
cell to interact with other cells and with extracellular substances
What means accomplish cell-to-cell adhesions? - correct answer(1) the extracellular
membrane, (2) cell adhesion molecules in the cell's plasma membrane, and (3)
specialized cell junctions.
What makes up the extracellular matrix and what does it do? - correct answer(1) fibrous
structural proteins (collagen and elastin), (2) adhesive glycoproteins, and (3)
proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid. The matrix helps regulate cell growth, movement,
and differentiation.
How do cells communicate? - correct answer(1) they form protein channels (gap
junctions); (2) they display receptors that affect intracellular processes or other cells in
direct physical contact; and (3) they use receptor proteins inside the target cell.
How is intercellular signaling done? - correct answercontact-dependent, paracrine,
hormonal, neurohormonal, and neurotransmitter.
What is ATP? - correct answerAdenosine Triphosphate - ENERGY - is required for
active transport.
What is anabolism? - correct answerenergy-using process of metabolism
