CDE Exam Study Guide Questions
and Answers Updated 2026
PramlintideB-
BAnswer(Symlin)B1)BslowsBtheBrateBofBdigestionBfromBstomachBtoBintestinesB2)BlowersBtheBa
mountBofBglucoseBproducedBbyBtheBliverB3)BtriggersBtheBfeelingBofBfullnessBafterBeating.
PramlintideBDosingB-
BAnswerReduceBmealtimeBinsulinBbyB50%,BthenBinitiateBatB15mcgBimmediatelyBpriorBtoBmeal
s.BThenBincreaseBtoB30,B45,BorB60mcgBwhenBnoBclinicallyBsignificantBnauseaBhasBoccurredBfo
rBatBleastB3Bdays.
PramlintideBContraindications/ConsiderationsB-BAnswerCan'tBbeBmixedBwithBinsulins
MayBdelayBabsorptionBofBco-
administeredBoralBmedsB(takeBthoseB1hrBpriorBorB2hrBafterBSymlin)
NotBusedBforBptsBonBanticholinergicsBorBothersBthatBwillBslowBgastricBemptying
CannotBbeBusedBinBptsBwithBconfirmedBgastroparesis
IncreasedBriskBofBhypoglycemiaBwithBACE-I,BMAOI,BFluoxetine,BandBsulfaBabx.
TargetBCholesterolBLevelsBforBHigh-RiskBpatientsB-BAnswerLDL:B100-129
Total:B200-239
HDL:B>40
WhatBareBHGM-CoABReductaseBInhibitors?B-BAnswerStatins
FuelBHomeostasisBStageB1B-BAnswerFedBstateB-B0-3.8hr
InsulinBinhibitsBbreakdownBofBglycogenBandBTGBreservoirs
FuelBHomeostasisBStageB2B-BAnswerPost-AbsorptiveBStateB-B4-15.9hr
, InsulinBlevelsBdecrease,BglucagonBlevelsBrise
FuelBHomeostasisBStageB3B-BAnswerEarlyBStarvationBStateB-B16-47.9hr
LactateBmakesBupBhalfBofBgluconeogenicBsubstrate.BInsulinBisBsuppressedBandBcounter-
regulatoryBhormonesBareBstimulated.
FuelBHomeostasisBStageB4B-BAnswerPreliminaryBProlongedBStarvationBStateB(48hrB-B23.9Bdays)
BGBcomesBfromBhepaticBandBrenalBgluconeogenesis.BInsulinBisBmarkedlyBsuppressedBbyB60hr,
BandBglucagon,Bcortisol,BgrowthBhormone,BandBepinephrineBareBstimulated.
FuelBHomeostasisBStageB5B-BAnswerSecondaryBProlongedBStarvationBStateB(24-40Bdays)
BGBoriginatesBfromBhepatic/renalBgluconeogenesisBstill,BbutBrateBofBglucoseBuseBbyBbrainBdim
inishesBandBrateBofBhepaticBgluconeogenesisBslows.
CentralBObesityBWaistBSizeB-BAnswerMen:B>40in
Women:B>30in
MetabolicBActivityBofBAbdominalBFatB-
BAnswerMoreBcapillaries,BinfluxBofBFFA.BInBliver,BFFA'sBcauseBinsulinBresistance,BandBFFABcanB
beBusedBasBfuel,BthusBraisingBBG
BMIBRangeBClassificationsB-BAnswerUnder:B<18.5
Normal:B18.5-24.9
Over:B25-29.9
Obese:B>30
GlycemicBControlBTestsB-BAnswerFructosamine:B2-3Bweeks
GlycatedBAlbumin:B2-3Bweeks
and Answers Updated 2026
PramlintideB-
BAnswer(Symlin)B1)BslowsBtheBrateBofBdigestionBfromBstomachBtoBintestinesB2)BlowersBtheBa
mountBofBglucoseBproducedBbyBtheBliverB3)BtriggersBtheBfeelingBofBfullnessBafterBeating.
PramlintideBDosingB-
BAnswerReduceBmealtimeBinsulinBbyB50%,BthenBinitiateBatB15mcgBimmediatelyBpriorBtoBmeal
s.BThenBincreaseBtoB30,B45,BorB60mcgBwhenBnoBclinicallyBsignificantBnauseaBhasBoccurredBfo
rBatBleastB3Bdays.
PramlintideBContraindications/ConsiderationsB-BAnswerCan'tBbeBmixedBwithBinsulins
MayBdelayBabsorptionBofBco-
administeredBoralBmedsB(takeBthoseB1hrBpriorBorB2hrBafterBSymlin)
NotBusedBforBptsBonBanticholinergicsBorBothersBthatBwillBslowBgastricBemptying
CannotBbeBusedBinBptsBwithBconfirmedBgastroparesis
IncreasedBriskBofBhypoglycemiaBwithBACE-I,BMAOI,BFluoxetine,BandBsulfaBabx.
TargetBCholesterolBLevelsBforBHigh-RiskBpatientsB-BAnswerLDL:B100-129
Total:B200-239
HDL:B>40
WhatBareBHGM-CoABReductaseBInhibitors?B-BAnswerStatins
FuelBHomeostasisBStageB1B-BAnswerFedBstateB-B0-3.8hr
InsulinBinhibitsBbreakdownBofBglycogenBandBTGBreservoirs
FuelBHomeostasisBStageB2B-BAnswerPost-AbsorptiveBStateB-B4-15.9hr
, InsulinBlevelsBdecrease,BglucagonBlevelsBrise
FuelBHomeostasisBStageB3B-BAnswerEarlyBStarvationBStateB-B16-47.9hr
LactateBmakesBupBhalfBofBgluconeogenicBsubstrate.BInsulinBisBsuppressedBandBcounter-
regulatoryBhormonesBareBstimulated.
FuelBHomeostasisBStageB4B-BAnswerPreliminaryBProlongedBStarvationBStateB(48hrB-B23.9Bdays)
BGBcomesBfromBhepaticBandBrenalBgluconeogenesis.BInsulinBisBmarkedlyBsuppressedBbyB60hr,
BandBglucagon,Bcortisol,BgrowthBhormone,BandBepinephrineBareBstimulated.
FuelBHomeostasisBStageB5B-BAnswerSecondaryBProlongedBStarvationBStateB(24-40Bdays)
BGBoriginatesBfromBhepatic/renalBgluconeogenesisBstill,BbutBrateBofBglucoseBuseBbyBbrainBdim
inishesBandBrateBofBhepaticBgluconeogenesisBslows.
CentralBObesityBWaistBSizeB-BAnswerMen:B>40in
Women:B>30in
MetabolicBActivityBofBAbdominalBFatB-
BAnswerMoreBcapillaries,BinfluxBofBFFA.BInBliver,BFFA'sBcauseBinsulinBresistance,BandBFFABcanB
beBusedBasBfuel,BthusBraisingBBG
BMIBRangeBClassificationsB-BAnswerUnder:B<18.5
Normal:B18.5-24.9
Over:B25-29.9
Obese:B>30
GlycemicBControlBTestsB-BAnswerFructosamine:B2-3Bweeks
GlycatedBAlbumin:B2-3Bweeks
