NURS 2000 FINAL EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Community health promotion model - ✔✔- assessment: focus on purpose, what
determines health in the community
- analysis: identify strategies and needs, formulate community diagnoses
- planning: address health promotion challenges (reduce inequities, increase
prevention, enhance coping)
- interventions: implement primary, secondary and tertiary prevention: health promotion,
accessibility, intersectoral collaborating, public participation, appropriate tech, public
policy, supportive environment
- evaluation: gather evidence, monitor results for progress and changes
✔✔primordial prevention - ✔✔the prevention of the emergence or development of risk
factors in countries or population groups in which they have not yet appeared
- prevents risk factors, modifying environmental, societal, or behavioural factors -->
improving sanitation practices
i.e. creating access to safe walking trails, access to healthy food, and tobacco
legislation
✔✔primary prevention - ✔✔aims to prevent disease or injury before it occurs
- preventing exposure to hazards, altering behaviours, increasing resistance to disease
or injury
- i.e. legislation to ban hazardous materials (asbestos), promoting safe practices
(seatbelt), education about lifestyle habits (healthy diet, not smoking), immunization
against infectious disease
✔✔secondary prevention - ✔✔aims to reduce impact of disease or injury, screening and
early detection and treatment to halt or slow progress
- i.e. mammograms, daily aspirin to prevent attacks, routine blood pressure checks
✔✔tertiary prevention - ✔✔aims to soften the impact of ongoing illness or injury that has
lasting effects
- management of long-term complex health problems, treatment, rehabilitation, health
management
- i.e. cardiac rehab programs, chronic disease management programs (i.e. diabetes),
living well support groups, vocational rehab programs, and oxygen therapy
✔✔upstream - ✔✔structural determinants like social status, income, racism, and
exclusion
✔✔midstream - ✔✔material circumstances like housing, employment, and food security
✔✔downstream - ✔✔addresses immediate health needs of marginalized population,
seeks to increase equitable access at individual or family level to health and social
, services, changes occur at service or access to service level, about changing the
effects of the causes
✔✔health program - ✔✔plan of action, aimed at accomplishing clear health care goals
- details of whom, when, what, resources, etc
--> deliver programs to achieve specific goal
✔✔health policy - ✔✔- decisions, plans and actions - societal health care goals
- defines a vision - helps establish target/points of reference
- outlines priorities and expected roles
- builds a consensus, informs people
✔✔Small 'p' policy - ✔✔- procedures/protocols: established or official ways of doing
something (institutional/organizational level, specifies how employees will go about
doing a specific course)
- guidelines: courses of action or advice based on evidence
- rules: principles governing conduct or procedures in a specific area of activity (code of
conduct)
✔✔Big 'p' policy - ✔✔- the broad framework and ideas and values within which decision
are taken, and action, or inaction is pursued by governments in relation to some issue
or problem
✔✔where do you find policy? - ✔✔federal (i.e. Canada Health Act), provincial (i.e. Bill
124, masking indoors), and municipal (i.e. smoke-free public spaces, loitering by-laws)
legislation
- statutory bodies
- International treaties
- corporations
- organizations
✔✔Why is policy relevant to nurses and nursing? - ✔✔- entry-level competencies for
registered nurses
- code of ethics
- regulatory practice standards
✔✔the nursing perspective - ✔✔- metaparadigm (person, health environment, and
nursing are all interrelated)
- ways of knowing - empirical, personal, ethical, aesthetic, emancipatory
- evidence-informed practice
- commitment to justice and equity
✔✔nursing governance and impact on nurses' policy voice - ✔✔- college: protecting
public through nursing regulation)
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Community health promotion model - ✔✔- assessment: focus on purpose, what
determines health in the community
- analysis: identify strategies and needs, formulate community diagnoses
- planning: address health promotion challenges (reduce inequities, increase
prevention, enhance coping)
- interventions: implement primary, secondary and tertiary prevention: health promotion,
accessibility, intersectoral collaborating, public participation, appropriate tech, public
policy, supportive environment
- evaluation: gather evidence, monitor results for progress and changes
✔✔primordial prevention - ✔✔the prevention of the emergence or development of risk
factors in countries or population groups in which they have not yet appeared
- prevents risk factors, modifying environmental, societal, or behavioural factors -->
improving sanitation practices
i.e. creating access to safe walking trails, access to healthy food, and tobacco
legislation
✔✔primary prevention - ✔✔aims to prevent disease or injury before it occurs
- preventing exposure to hazards, altering behaviours, increasing resistance to disease
or injury
- i.e. legislation to ban hazardous materials (asbestos), promoting safe practices
(seatbelt), education about lifestyle habits (healthy diet, not smoking), immunization
against infectious disease
✔✔secondary prevention - ✔✔aims to reduce impact of disease or injury, screening and
early detection and treatment to halt or slow progress
- i.e. mammograms, daily aspirin to prevent attacks, routine blood pressure checks
✔✔tertiary prevention - ✔✔aims to soften the impact of ongoing illness or injury that has
lasting effects
- management of long-term complex health problems, treatment, rehabilitation, health
management
- i.e. cardiac rehab programs, chronic disease management programs (i.e. diabetes),
living well support groups, vocational rehab programs, and oxygen therapy
✔✔upstream - ✔✔structural determinants like social status, income, racism, and
exclusion
✔✔midstream - ✔✔material circumstances like housing, employment, and food security
✔✔downstream - ✔✔addresses immediate health needs of marginalized population,
seeks to increase equitable access at individual or family level to health and social
, services, changes occur at service or access to service level, about changing the
effects of the causes
✔✔health program - ✔✔plan of action, aimed at accomplishing clear health care goals
- details of whom, when, what, resources, etc
--> deliver programs to achieve specific goal
✔✔health policy - ✔✔- decisions, plans and actions - societal health care goals
- defines a vision - helps establish target/points of reference
- outlines priorities and expected roles
- builds a consensus, informs people
✔✔Small 'p' policy - ✔✔- procedures/protocols: established or official ways of doing
something (institutional/organizational level, specifies how employees will go about
doing a specific course)
- guidelines: courses of action or advice based on evidence
- rules: principles governing conduct or procedures in a specific area of activity (code of
conduct)
✔✔Big 'p' policy - ✔✔- the broad framework and ideas and values within which decision
are taken, and action, or inaction is pursued by governments in relation to some issue
or problem
✔✔where do you find policy? - ✔✔federal (i.e. Canada Health Act), provincial (i.e. Bill
124, masking indoors), and municipal (i.e. smoke-free public spaces, loitering by-laws)
legislation
- statutory bodies
- International treaties
- corporations
- organizations
✔✔Why is policy relevant to nurses and nursing? - ✔✔- entry-level competencies for
registered nurses
- code of ethics
- regulatory practice standards
✔✔the nursing perspective - ✔✔- metaparadigm (person, health environment, and
nursing are all interrelated)
- ways of knowing - empirical, personal, ethical, aesthetic, emancipatory
- evidence-informed practice
- commitment to justice and equity
✔✔nursing governance and impact on nurses' policy voice - ✔✔- college: protecting
public through nursing regulation)
