NURS 2000 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔what influences public policy - ✔✔ideology of government, previous policy decisions,
external pressures, pressure from society, changes in the population (aging population,
insufficient resources, and services to cater to this population: reallocation of resources
for these people is necessary)
✔✔8 steps to policy development - ✔✔planning: 1. (identity, describe, analyse the
problem), 2. (identify and analyze policy options), 3. (determine and understand
decision makers and influence), 4. (assess readiness for policy development), 5.
(develop an action plan), 6. (implement the action plan), 7. (facilitate the adoption and
implementation of the policy), 8. (evaluate the policy)
✔✔factors analysed in policy critique (analytic framework) - ✔✔effectiveness,
unintended effects, equity, cost, feasibility, acceptability
✔✔policies with the biggest impact - ✔✔target political, cultural economic,
environmental contexts
- macro social policies: large social scale rather than those focused on individuals or
small groups
✔✔Steps in planning a health promotion program - ✔✔1. pre-planning and project
management
2. conduct a community assessment
3. identify goals, populations of interest and objectives
4. identify strategies, activities, processes, objectives, and resources
5. develop indicators
6. evaluation: review program plan
✔✔community health needs assessment (CHNA) - ✔✔a process that:
- describes the state of health of the people within the community
- assists in identifying major risk factors and causes of ill health
- identifies potential actions needed to address the major risk factors
✔✔vital statistics - ✔✔systematically tabulated information concerning births, deaths,
marriages, divorces, separations, and deaths based on registrations of these events
✔✔epidemiology - ✔✔the study of diseases, investigating how, when, why they occur,
and who is at the highest risk of negative outcomes
✔✔social epidemiology - ✔✔- social production of disease: social structure and levels of
inequity, economy, distribution of resources, social hierarchies/relations between racial
and ethnic groups, cultural factors and social norms
, ✔✔functions of epidemiology - ✔✔- public health surveillance
- field investigation
- analytic studies
- evaluation
- linkages
- policy development
✔✔public health surveillance - ✔✔lots of this info comes from hospitals, clinics (i.e. OD,
opioid data collected to be analysed)
✔✔field investigation - ✔✔coordinated effort to better understand problems, through
contact tracking --> i.e. if you've been at this place at this time, you may have been
exposed to measles
✔✔analytic studies - ✔✔beyond descriptive studies (just describing the data, range, min
and max values), takes that info and analyses it (comparing 2 groups) --> one with
condition and one without --> and analyses info
✔✔evaluation - ✔✔looking at relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, and impact of
response activities (i.e. immunization, education)
✔✔linkages - ✔✔links that exist between members of groups i.e. geography, 2 sports
teams, etc. --> who has the disease and who doesn't
✔✔association - ✔✔is a specified health outcome more likely in people with a particular
"exposure"? is there a link?
- statistical relationship between 2 variables, can only be determined from data collected
from controlled study
✔✔causality - ✔✔when a relationship or association have been confirmed beyond
doubt
- when can state statistically that there is definite cause and effect --> impossible to
disprove
✔✔web of causation - ✔✔- international factors: globalization of markets, development,
media programs and advertising
- national/regional: transport, urbanization, health, social security, media and culture,
education, food and nutrition
- community/locality: public transport, public safety, health care, sanitation,
manufactured/imported, agriculture/gardens/local markets
- work/school/home:
- individual: energy expenditure, food intake: nutrient intake
✔✔morbidity (illness) rates - ✔✔picture of population and disease over time, questions
population susceptibility and effectiveness of health promotion or treatment
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔what influences public policy - ✔✔ideology of government, previous policy decisions,
external pressures, pressure from society, changes in the population (aging population,
insufficient resources, and services to cater to this population: reallocation of resources
for these people is necessary)
✔✔8 steps to policy development - ✔✔planning: 1. (identity, describe, analyse the
problem), 2. (identify and analyze policy options), 3. (determine and understand
decision makers and influence), 4. (assess readiness for policy development), 5.
(develop an action plan), 6. (implement the action plan), 7. (facilitate the adoption and
implementation of the policy), 8. (evaluate the policy)
✔✔factors analysed in policy critique (analytic framework) - ✔✔effectiveness,
unintended effects, equity, cost, feasibility, acceptability
✔✔policies with the biggest impact - ✔✔target political, cultural economic,
environmental contexts
- macro social policies: large social scale rather than those focused on individuals or
small groups
✔✔Steps in planning a health promotion program - ✔✔1. pre-planning and project
management
2. conduct a community assessment
3. identify goals, populations of interest and objectives
4. identify strategies, activities, processes, objectives, and resources
5. develop indicators
6. evaluation: review program plan
✔✔community health needs assessment (CHNA) - ✔✔a process that:
- describes the state of health of the people within the community
- assists in identifying major risk factors and causes of ill health
- identifies potential actions needed to address the major risk factors
✔✔vital statistics - ✔✔systematically tabulated information concerning births, deaths,
marriages, divorces, separations, and deaths based on registrations of these events
✔✔epidemiology - ✔✔the study of diseases, investigating how, when, why they occur,
and who is at the highest risk of negative outcomes
✔✔social epidemiology - ✔✔- social production of disease: social structure and levels of
inequity, economy, distribution of resources, social hierarchies/relations between racial
and ethnic groups, cultural factors and social norms
, ✔✔functions of epidemiology - ✔✔- public health surveillance
- field investigation
- analytic studies
- evaluation
- linkages
- policy development
✔✔public health surveillance - ✔✔lots of this info comes from hospitals, clinics (i.e. OD,
opioid data collected to be analysed)
✔✔field investigation - ✔✔coordinated effort to better understand problems, through
contact tracking --> i.e. if you've been at this place at this time, you may have been
exposed to measles
✔✔analytic studies - ✔✔beyond descriptive studies (just describing the data, range, min
and max values), takes that info and analyses it (comparing 2 groups) --> one with
condition and one without --> and analyses info
✔✔evaluation - ✔✔looking at relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, and impact of
response activities (i.e. immunization, education)
✔✔linkages - ✔✔links that exist between members of groups i.e. geography, 2 sports
teams, etc. --> who has the disease and who doesn't
✔✔association - ✔✔is a specified health outcome more likely in people with a particular
"exposure"? is there a link?
- statistical relationship between 2 variables, can only be determined from data collected
from controlled study
✔✔causality - ✔✔when a relationship or association have been confirmed beyond
doubt
- when can state statistically that there is definite cause and effect --> impossible to
disprove
✔✔web of causation - ✔✔- international factors: globalization of markets, development,
media programs and advertising
- national/regional: transport, urbanization, health, social security, media and culture,
education, food and nutrition
- community/locality: public transport, public safety, health care, sanitation,
manufactured/imported, agriculture/gardens/local markets
- work/school/home:
- individual: energy expenditure, food intake: nutrient intake
✔✔morbidity (illness) rates - ✔✔picture of population and disease over time, questions
population susceptibility and effectiveness of health promotion or treatment
