ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM NURS 6501 WALDEN UNIVERSITY ACTUAL EXAM 2026 GRADED A+ .

1. A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance? CORRECT ANSWER Answer CORRECT ANSWER Anaerobic glycolysis 2. What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initi- ates an action potential? CORRECT ANSWER Answer CORRECT ANSWER Sodium gates open, and sodium rushesinto the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive. 3. A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which of the following? CORRECT ANSWER Answer CORRECT ANSWER XXY 4. A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking for? CORRECT ANSWER Answer CORRECT ANSWER The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease 5. An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse ex- plain to the aide? CORRECT ANSWER Answer CORRECT ANSWER Expressivity 6. In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include regarding cholesterol? CORRECT ANSWER Answer CORRECT ANSWER Cholesteroldecreasesthemembranefluidityoftheerythrocyte, which reduces its ability to carry oxygen. 7. When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse re- spond? Cystic fibrosis is caused by an gene CORRECT ANSWER Answer CORRECT ANSWER Autosomal recessive 8. How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes? CORRECT ANSWER An- swer CORRECT ANSWER By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase) 9. The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as CORRECT ANSWER CORRECT ANSWER Answer CORRECT ANSWER Sodium 10. The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in CORRECT ANSWER CORRECT ANSWER - Answer CORRECT ANSWER Reduced protein synthesis 11. What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from diseases? CORRECT ANSWER Answer CORRECT ANSWER It is diflcult to tell the ditterence because both processes are believed to result from cell injury. 12. What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that re- veals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her features include a short stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair. CORRECT ANSWER Answer CORRECT ANSWER 3 / 11 Turnersyndrome 13. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the genetic information be contained? CORRECT ANSWER Answer CORRECT ANSWER Nucleolus 14. The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down syn- drome. What is the nurse describing? CORRECT ANSWER Answer CORRECT ANSWER Maternal nondisjunction 15. A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Trans- mission of this disease is associated with CORRECT ANSWER CORRECT ANSWER Answer CORRECT ANSWER Delayed age of onset 16. A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's best response? CORRECT ANSWER Answer CORRECT ANSWER Pregnancy in women over age 35 17. What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction? CORRECT ANSWER Answer CORRECT ANSWER Providegrowth factorfortissue growth and development 18. A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair appearance. Which finding will support this diagnosis? CORRECT ANSWER Answer CORRECT ANSWER Inabilitytoconverttyrosine to DOPA (3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine) 19. Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of CORRECT ANSWER CORRECT ANSWER Answer CORRECT ANSWER Decreased ATP production 20. A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by CO