PHYS 261 Final Exam Review Questions and 100% Correct Answers Latest 2026
Updates– WCU.
For the following questions, match the level of organization with its definition below.
A. a collection of similar cells that carry out similar functions
B. the smallest living unit
C. a collection of different tissues that carry out related functions
D. groups of organs functioning in a coordinated manner
1) cell B. the smallest living unit
2) tissue A. a collection of similar cells that carry out similar functions
3) organs C. a collection of different tissues that carry out related functions
4) organ systems D. groups of organs functioning in a coordinated manner
5) Nucleic acids are polymers of units called
A) ribose.
B) bases.
C) fatty acids.
D) amino acids.
E) nucleotides.
6) Cell membranes are said to be
A) actively permeable.
B) impermeable.
C) freely permeable.
D) selectively permeable.
E) none of the above
7) In humans, only cells have flagella.
A) sperm
B) intestine lining
C) stomach lining
D) respiratory tract lining
E) two of the above
8) The addition of a phosphate group to a substrate is called . The enzyme that catalyzes this
reaction is referred to as a .
A) phosphorylation; kinase
B) proteolysis; kinase
C) proteolysis; peptidase
D) phosphorylation; phosphatase
E) None of the above represents the correct terminology.
9) An allosteric modulator binds to
A) the active site.
B) the product.
C) a region of the enzyme other than the active site.
D) the surrounding tissue.
E) the substrate.
10) Permeability is a property of
A) solutes.
B) solvents.
C) ions.
D) membranes.
PHYS 261 Final Exam
,E) proteins.
11) What are the two extracellular fluid compartments in the body?
PHYS 261 Final Exam
, A) plasma and the fluid portion of the blood
B) intracellular and plasma
C) plasma and interstitial
D) interstitial and intracellular
E) none of the above
12) Saturation occurs when
A) the energy required to move molecules results from a high-energy bond.
B) a carrier molecule has the ability to transport only one molecule or a group of closely related
molecules.
C) a preference of a carrier protein for a substance is demonstrated based on the differing affinities of
the carrier for the substrates.
D) a group of carrier proteins is operating at its maximum rate.
E) molecules are moved by the use of vesicles.
13) The means by which a cell transports large molecules out of the cell is called
A) endocytosis.
B) exocytosis.
C) phagocytosis.
D) diffusion.
E) active transport.
14) Compared to the outside surface, the inside of a resting cell membrane is
A) continuously reversing its electrical charge.
B) positively charged.
C) negatively charged.
D) electrically neutral.
E) positively charged whenever the sodium-potassium pump is active.
15) Receptor molecules are located
A) in the outer cell membrane.
B) in the cytosol.
C) in the nucleus.
D) B and C
E) all of the above
16) When adenylyl cyclase is activated,
A) steroids are produced.
B) cAMP is formed.
C) cAMP is broken down.
D) protein kinases are metabolized.
E) calcium ions are released from intracellular stores.
17) The increasingly forceful uterine contractions that lead to childbirth are an example of
A) negative feedback.
B) positive feedback.
C) effector shutdown.
D) receptor activation.
E) none of the above
18) When a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell,
A) the cell becomes inactive.
B) a second messenger appears in the cytoplasm.
C) the cell membrane becomes less permeable.
D) the hormone is transported to the nucleus where it alters the activity of DNA.
E) none of the above
19) When steroid hormones bind to their receptors,
A) gene transcription may start or stop.
PHYS 261 Final Exam
Updates– WCU.
For the following questions, match the level of organization with its definition below.
A. a collection of similar cells that carry out similar functions
B. the smallest living unit
C. a collection of different tissues that carry out related functions
D. groups of organs functioning in a coordinated manner
1) cell B. the smallest living unit
2) tissue A. a collection of similar cells that carry out similar functions
3) organs C. a collection of different tissues that carry out related functions
4) organ systems D. groups of organs functioning in a coordinated manner
5) Nucleic acids are polymers of units called
A) ribose.
B) bases.
C) fatty acids.
D) amino acids.
E) nucleotides.
6) Cell membranes are said to be
A) actively permeable.
B) impermeable.
C) freely permeable.
D) selectively permeable.
E) none of the above
7) In humans, only cells have flagella.
A) sperm
B) intestine lining
C) stomach lining
D) respiratory tract lining
E) two of the above
8) The addition of a phosphate group to a substrate is called . The enzyme that catalyzes this
reaction is referred to as a .
A) phosphorylation; kinase
B) proteolysis; kinase
C) proteolysis; peptidase
D) phosphorylation; phosphatase
E) None of the above represents the correct terminology.
9) An allosteric modulator binds to
A) the active site.
B) the product.
C) a region of the enzyme other than the active site.
D) the surrounding tissue.
E) the substrate.
10) Permeability is a property of
A) solutes.
B) solvents.
C) ions.
D) membranes.
PHYS 261 Final Exam
,E) proteins.
11) What are the two extracellular fluid compartments in the body?
PHYS 261 Final Exam
, A) plasma and the fluid portion of the blood
B) intracellular and plasma
C) plasma and interstitial
D) interstitial and intracellular
E) none of the above
12) Saturation occurs when
A) the energy required to move molecules results from a high-energy bond.
B) a carrier molecule has the ability to transport only one molecule or a group of closely related
molecules.
C) a preference of a carrier protein for a substance is demonstrated based on the differing affinities of
the carrier for the substrates.
D) a group of carrier proteins is operating at its maximum rate.
E) molecules are moved by the use of vesicles.
13) The means by which a cell transports large molecules out of the cell is called
A) endocytosis.
B) exocytosis.
C) phagocytosis.
D) diffusion.
E) active transport.
14) Compared to the outside surface, the inside of a resting cell membrane is
A) continuously reversing its electrical charge.
B) positively charged.
C) negatively charged.
D) electrically neutral.
E) positively charged whenever the sodium-potassium pump is active.
15) Receptor molecules are located
A) in the outer cell membrane.
B) in the cytosol.
C) in the nucleus.
D) B and C
E) all of the above
16) When adenylyl cyclase is activated,
A) steroids are produced.
B) cAMP is formed.
C) cAMP is broken down.
D) protein kinases are metabolized.
E) calcium ions are released from intracellular stores.
17) The increasingly forceful uterine contractions that lead to childbirth are an example of
A) negative feedback.
B) positive feedback.
C) effector shutdown.
D) receptor activation.
E) none of the above
18) When a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell,
A) the cell becomes inactive.
B) a second messenger appears in the cytoplasm.
C) the cell membrane becomes less permeable.
D) the hormone is transported to the nucleus where it alters the activity of DNA.
E) none of the above
19) When steroid hormones bind to their receptors,
A) gene transcription may start or stop.
PHYS 261 Final Exam
