GISP Study Questions With Correct Answers

GISP Study Questions With Correct Answers

Georeferencing |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-101- |associating |a |map |or |image |with |spatial |location



control |points |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-101- |points |come |in |pairs |that |match |the |spatial |
location |with |a |point |on |an |unreferenced |image |or |map



Spatial |Reference |Systems |(SRS) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-101- |coordinate |based |local, |regional,
|or |global |system |used |to |location |geographical |entities |(aka |Coordinate |Reference |System |


(CRS))



Coordinate |Reference |System |(CRS) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-101- |coordinate |based |local, |
regional, |or |global |system |used |to |location |geographical |entities |(aka |Spatial |Reference |
Systems |(SRS))



International |Terrestrial |Reference |System |(ITRS) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-101- |a |three-
dimensional |coordinate |system |with |a |well-defined |origin |(the |center |of |mass |of |the |Earth) |
and |three |orthogonal |coordinate |axes |(X,Y,Z)



Map |projection |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-101- |transforming |coordinated |from |a |curved |surface |
(Earth) |to |a |flat |map



Horizontal |datum |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-101- |model |of |the |earth |as |a |spheroid |(2 |
components, |reference |ellipsoid |and |a |set |of |survey |points |both |the |shape |of |the |spheroid |
and |its |position |relative |to |the |earth)



Vertical |Datum |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-101- |reference |point |for |measuring |elevations

,NAVD88 |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-101- |Gravity |based |geodetic |datum |in |North |America



WGS |84 |(World |Geodetic |System) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-101- |reference |coordinate |system |
used |by |the |Global |Positioning |System |(GPS)



SRID |integer |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-101- |Spatial |reference |system |id |numbers, |including |
EPSG |codes |defined |by |the |International |Association |of |Oil |and |Gas |Producers



types |of |distortion |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-101- |Distance, |Direction, |Shape, |Area |(sometimes |
bearing |and |scale)



Mercator |Projection- |distortions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-101- |preserves |shape |and |direction, |
area |gets |distorted



Mercator |Projection |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-101- |projecting |the |Earth |onto |a |cylinder |tangent
|to |a |meridian




Azimuthal |Projection- |distortions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-101- |distance |from |center |is |true, |
other |properties |distort |with |distance



Azimuthal |Projection |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-101- |planar |or |tangent |(meaning |they |are |
formed |when |a |flat |piece |of |paper |is |placed |on |top |of |the |globe |and |a |light |source |projects |
the |surrounding |areas |on |to |a |map.) |Either |the |North |Pole |or |the |South |pole |is |orientated |at |
the |center |of |the |map, |giving |the |viewer |an |impression |of |looking |up |or |down |at |Earth.



Cylindrical |Projection- |distortions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-101- |preserve |area |and |shape, |
distance |gets |distorted, |especially |on |upper |and |lower |regions |of |the |map



Cylindrical |Projection |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-101- |2 |types |Tangent |(1 |intersect) |and |Secant |(2
|intersects)

,Straight |meridians |and |parallels

meridians |are |equally |spaced |while |parallels |are |not



Conical |Projection- |distortions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-101- |preserves |direction |and |area |in |
limited |areas, |distorts |distance |and |scale |except |along |standard |parallels



Conic |Projections |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-101- |mapped |to |equally |spaced |lines |by |projecting |
a |spherical |surface |onto |a |cone



Choosing |a |Projection- |Low |LATITUDE, |(near |Equator) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-101- |use |conical
|projection




Choosing |a |Projection- |High |LATITUDE, |Polar |Regions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-101- |use |
azimuthal |planar |projections



Choosing |a |Projection- |EXTENT, |broad |East-West |(e.g. |USA) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-101- |use |
conical |projection



Choosing |a |Projection- |EXTENT, |broad |North-South |(e.g. |Africa) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-101- |
use |transverse-case |cylindrical |projection



Choosing |a |Projection- |THEMATIC, |analysis |that |compares |different |values |in |different |
locations |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-101- |use |an |equal-area |projection



Discrete |features |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-102- |feature |has |a |definable |boundary |(think,
|"vector")




continuous |phenomena |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-102- |each |location |is |a |measure |of |
something, |often |temperature |or |elevation |(think |"raster", |but |not |always)

, Geoid |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-103- |the |shape |that |the |surface |of |the |oceans |would |take |
under |the |influence |of |Earth's |gravitation |and |rotation |alone |(absent |of |the |influence |of |wind |
or |tide)



Mean |Sea |Level |(MSL) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-103- |is |determined |by |referencing |the |geoid |
model |which |registers |ocean's |water |level |at |coastal |places |using |tide |gauges



Reference |Ellipsoid |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-103- |is |a |mathematically |defined |surface |that |
approximates |the |geoid |(a |truer |model |of |shape |that |geoid)



oblate |ellipsoid |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-103- |fits |the |geiod |model |to |a |first |order |
approximation

formed |when |an |ellipse |is |rotated |about |its |minor |axis |(The |shape |of |the |Earth, |slightly |
bulging |at |the |Equator.)



sphere |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-103- |can |be |seen |from |dimensions |of |the |Earth |ellipsoid

the |semi-major |axis |(a) |and |semi-minor |axis |(b) |differ |by |little |more |than |21 |kilometers



first |(direct) |geodetic |problem |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-103- |Given |a |point |(coordinates) |and |
direction |(azimuth) |and |distance |from |that |point |to |a |second |point, |determine |the |coordinates
|of |a |second |point



Be |prepared |for |Word |Problems |like |this |one



Second |(inverse) |geodetic |problem |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-103- |given |two |points, |determine |
the |azimuth |and |length |of |the |line |that |connects |them |(line |may |be |straight, |arc, |or |geodesic)

Be |prepared |for |Word |Problems |like |this |one