KNS 350 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
What is epidemiology? - Answers -The study of the distribution and determinants of
health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study
to the control of health problems.
What is behavioral epidemiology? - Answers -Framework is proposed to specify a
systematic sequence of studies based on health-related behaviors, leading to evidence-
based interventions directed at populations
What is health? - Answers -A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
How did John Snow contribute to epidemiology? - Answers -First modern
epidemiology; discovered that cholera was waterborne, sourced its contagion and
removed it
In terms of preventable deaths, where does physical inactivity reside? - Answers -
Fourth overall, 5th for men and 3rd for women
What diseases do epidemiologists focus on in today's world? - Answers -Chronic
diseases: CHD, stroke, obesity, diabetes, and osteoporosis
What are the main focuses of PA Epi? - Answers -1) Measure disease frequency
(quantify disease)
2) Assess distribution of disease (who, where, when)
3) Identify determinants of disease (hypothesis tested using epidemiological studies)
What certificate will you be eligible to sit for after finishing your degree in KNS? -
Answers -American College of Sports Medicine- PA in Public Health Specialist
What two key government documents were highlighted in the introduction? - Answers -
2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans: Recommendations of PA that provide
substantial health benefits
Guide to Community Preventive Services: Recommends interventions to increase PA
What are the levels of prevention? - Answers -Level 1: Primary prevention- focuses on
preventing the development of disease
Level 2: Secondary prevention- involves screening, diagnosis, and prompt treatment of
disease before symptoms appear
Level 3: Tertiary problems- manages health problems associated with living with a
chronic disease, while trying to maintain a level of function and quality of life
How old is the field of PA epidemiology? - Answers -60 years
, When did "exercise is medicine" take root? - Answers -In 2007, "exercise is medicine"
initiative was started by the American College of Sports Medicine
What document contains the 10-year national objectives for PA? - Answers -American
College of Sports Medicine- Healthy People 2020
Who pioneered the PA Epi movement? - Answers -Hippocrates, "the father of
medicine" was the first epidemiologist who investigated the association between
diseases and diet and exercise
What are key organizations in involved in epidemiology? - Answers -Healthy People
2020, CDC, International Society for PA and Health, World Health Organization,
National Physical Activity Plan
What year were our latest PA Guidelines released? - Answers -2018
What university was the first to start testing for fitness? - Answers -Harvard University
How did Jeremy Morris contribute to our knowledge of PA and disease? - Answers -
Conducted the first PA Epi study (the London bus study), studied the relationship
between coronary heart disease and the types of jobs people had, Uses of
Epidemiology (1957), the first text to apply classical epidemiology to emerging health
problems of chronic, non-communicable diseases
The London Bus Study - Answers -Dr. Jeremy Morris, Article: "Coronary Heart Disease
and PA of Work"
- This study accounted only for occupational PA and not LTPA, or transportational
- Active workers were much less likely to get heart disease
Weakness of study:
- Did not account for LTPA
- Energy expenditure can differ widely in the same job
- Early studies didn't adjust for cofounders
Framingham Heart Study - Answers -- Started in 1948 with funding from the NIH
- Followed health risk behaviors and records of 5000+ adults in Framingham, MA
- Utilized physical examinations, surveys, death certificates, to show how long-term
benefits of PA, specifically because of the reduced risk of heart disease
Harvard Alumni Study - Answers -- Began in 1961 led by Dr. Ralph Paffenbarger
- Studied how LTPA reduced risk of cancer
- Paff compiled health, social, and athletic data from almost 13,000 Harvard alumni
dating back to 1917
- Use of self-reported PA activity across lifetimes and mortality data from death
certificates to calculate energy expenditure per week
- Estimated decreased disease risk based on amount of PA/week
What is epidemiology? - Answers -The study of the distribution and determinants of
health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study
to the control of health problems.
What is behavioral epidemiology? - Answers -Framework is proposed to specify a
systematic sequence of studies based on health-related behaviors, leading to evidence-
based interventions directed at populations
What is health? - Answers -A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
How did John Snow contribute to epidemiology? - Answers -First modern
epidemiology; discovered that cholera was waterborne, sourced its contagion and
removed it
In terms of preventable deaths, where does physical inactivity reside? - Answers -
Fourth overall, 5th for men and 3rd for women
What diseases do epidemiologists focus on in today's world? - Answers -Chronic
diseases: CHD, stroke, obesity, diabetes, and osteoporosis
What are the main focuses of PA Epi? - Answers -1) Measure disease frequency
(quantify disease)
2) Assess distribution of disease (who, where, when)
3) Identify determinants of disease (hypothesis tested using epidemiological studies)
What certificate will you be eligible to sit for after finishing your degree in KNS? -
Answers -American College of Sports Medicine- PA in Public Health Specialist
What two key government documents were highlighted in the introduction? - Answers -
2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans: Recommendations of PA that provide
substantial health benefits
Guide to Community Preventive Services: Recommends interventions to increase PA
What are the levels of prevention? - Answers -Level 1: Primary prevention- focuses on
preventing the development of disease
Level 2: Secondary prevention- involves screening, diagnosis, and prompt treatment of
disease before symptoms appear
Level 3: Tertiary problems- manages health problems associated with living with a
chronic disease, while trying to maintain a level of function and quality of life
How old is the field of PA epidemiology? - Answers -60 years
, When did "exercise is medicine" take root? - Answers -In 2007, "exercise is medicine"
initiative was started by the American College of Sports Medicine
What document contains the 10-year national objectives for PA? - Answers -American
College of Sports Medicine- Healthy People 2020
Who pioneered the PA Epi movement? - Answers -Hippocrates, "the father of
medicine" was the first epidemiologist who investigated the association between
diseases and diet and exercise
What are key organizations in involved in epidemiology? - Answers -Healthy People
2020, CDC, International Society for PA and Health, World Health Organization,
National Physical Activity Plan
What year were our latest PA Guidelines released? - Answers -2018
What university was the first to start testing for fitness? - Answers -Harvard University
How did Jeremy Morris contribute to our knowledge of PA and disease? - Answers -
Conducted the first PA Epi study (the London bus study), studied the relationship
between coronary heart disease and the types of jobs people had, Uses of
Epidemiology (1957), the first text to apply classical epidemiology to emerging health
problems of chronic, non-communicable diseases
The London Bus Study - Answers -Dr. Jeremy Morris, Article: "Coronary Heart Disease
and PA of Work"
- This study accounted only for occupational PA and not LTPA, or transportational
- Active workers were much less likely to get heart disease
Weakness of study:
- Did not account for LTPA
- Energy expenditure can differ widely in the same job
- Early studies didn't adjust for cofounders
Framingham Heart Study - Answers -- Started in 1948 with funding from the NIH
- Followed health risk behaviors and records of 5000+ adults in Framingham, MA
- Utilized physical examinations, surveys, death certificates, to show how long-term
benefits of PA, specifically because of the reduced risk of heart disease
Harvard Alumni Study - Answers -- Began in 1961 led by Dr. Ralph Paffenbarger
- Studied how LTPA reduced risk of cancer
- Paff compiled health, social, and athletic data from almost 13,000 Harvard alumni
dating back to 1917
- Use of self-reported PA activity across lifetimes and mortality data from death
certificates to calculate energy expenditure per week
- Estimated decreased disease risk based on amount of PA/week
