Jeppesen Private Pilot - Chapter 2
Airplane Systems
What is a monologue fuselage structure? - answer This is a structure without any
internal framework, where the skin carries all of the flight loads. 2-3
What is a semi-monologue fuselage structure? - answer This is a structure that has an
internal substructure attached to the aircrafts skin in order to increase the strength of
the fuselage. 2-4
What does the empennage consist of? – answer Usually it consists of a vertical
stabilizer, the rudder, the vertical stabilizer, and the elevator. 2-5
What is a conventional landing gear? - answer A landing gear with a rear-mounted
wheel, and the airplanes are sometimes referred to as tail wheel airplanes. 2-7
What type of landing gear does an airplane have if the third wheel is located on the
nose of the aircraft? - answerA tricycle gear, or a nosewheel airplane. 2-7
What is the most common type of landing gear strut? - answerAn oleo strut, which uses
a piston enclosed in a cylinder with oil and compressed air to absorb the bumps and
jolts of landing and taxi operations. 2-9
What does the powerplant of the airplane include? - answerThe engine and the
propeller. 2-9
What are the primary and secondary purposes of the engine? - answerThe primary
purpose is to provide the power to turn the propeller. Engine mounted accessories
provide the secondary purposes of generating electrical power, creating a vacuum
source for some flight instruments, and to provide a source of heat for the pilot and
passengers. 2-9
What is the purpose of a firewall? - answerThe firewall protects the occupants and
serves as a mounting point for the engine. 2-9
Where can aircraft operating limitations be found? - answerIn the approved flight
manual or pilots operating handbook, markings, placards, or a combination of these. 2-
10
What is the purpose of trim devices? - answerTrim helps minimize your workload by
aerodynamically helping you move a control surface, or maintain the surface in a
desired position. 2-6
, What are the two main types of engines in use today? - answerReciprocating and
turbine. 2-14
What type of operating cycles do most reciprocating engines use? - answerA four-
stroke operating cycle. 2-16
What are the four cycles of the four-stroke operating cycle? - answer1. Intake: The
piston moves away from the cylinder head on the intake stroke, the intake valve opens
and the fuel/air mixture is drawn into the combustion chamber.
2. Compression: As the piston moves back toward the cylinder head, the intake valve
closes and the fuel/air mixture is compressed.
3. Power: When compression is almost complete, the spark plugs fire and the
compressed mixture is ignited to begin the power stroke. The expanding gases of the
controlled burning drive the piston, providing power that rotates the crankshaft.
4. Exhaust: The exhaust stroke expels the burned gases form the chamber through the
opened exhaust valve.
2-16
What is the purpose of the induction system of the engine? - answerTo bring outside air
into the engine, mix it with fuel in the proper proportion, and deliver it to the cylinders
where combustion occurs. 2-17
How do you control the induction system of the engine? - answerWith the throttle and
the mixture. The throttle controls engine speed by regulating the amount of fuel and air
mixture that flows into the cylinders, while the mixture controls the fuel/air ratio. 2-17
What does the carburetor in the engine do? - answerIt mixes the incoming air with fuel
and delivers it to the combustion chamber. 2-18
What is the operating principle of float-type carburetors? - answerThey are based on the
difference in pressure at the venture throat and the air inlet. 2-18
As an airplane climbs, do you enrich or lean the mixture to maintain optimum fuel/air
ratio? - answerLean. 2-19
What is happening when you lean the fuel/air mixture? - answerYou are decreasing the
fuel flow to compensate for decreased air density. This can also eliminate engine
roughness during runup at high elevation airports. 2-19
As altitude increases, what happens to air density? - answerAir density decreases. 2-19
If you are experiencing engine roughness during pre-takeoff runup at a high elevation
airport, or during climbs or cruise flight at high altitudes, what should you do? -
answerLean the fuel/air mixture in order to compensate for the less dense air, and full
rich fuel. 2-19
Airplane Systems
What is a monologue fuselage structure? - answer This is a structure without any
internal framework, where the skin carries all of the flight loads. 2-3
What is a semi-monologue fuselage structure? - answer This is a structure that has an
internal substructure attached to the aircrafts skin in order to increase the strength of
the fuselage. 2-4
What does the empennage consist of? – answer Usually it consists of a vertical
stabilizer, the rudder, the vertical stabilizer, and the elevator. 2-5
What is a conventional landing gear? - answer A landing gear with a rear-mounted
wheel, and the airplanes are sometimes referred to as tail wheel airplanes. 2-7
What type of landing gear does an airplane have if the third wheel is located on the
nose of the aircraft? - answerA tricycle gear, or a nosewheel airplane. 2-7
What is the most common type of landing gear strut? - answerAn oleo strut, which uses
a piston enclosed in a cylinder with oil and compressed air to absorb the bumps and
jolts of landing and taxi operations. 2-9
What does the powerplant of the airplane include? - answerThe engine and the
propeller. 2-9
What are the primary and secondary purposes of the engine? - answerThe primary
purpose is to provide the power to turn the propeller. Engine mounted accessories
provide the secondary purposes of generating electrical power, creating a vacuum
source for some flight instruments, and to provide a source of heat for the pilot and
passengers. 2-9
What is the purpose of a firewall? - answerThe firewall protects the occupants and
serves as a mounting point for the engine. 2-9
Where can aircraft operating limitations be found? - answerIn the approved flight
manual or pilots operating handbook, markings, placards, or a combination of these. 2-
10
What is the purpose of trim devices? - answerTrim helps minimize your workload by
aerodynamically helping you move a control surface, or maintain the surface in a
desired position. 2-6
, What are the two main types of engines in use today? - answerReciprocating and
turbine. 2-14
What type of operating cycles do most reciprocating engines use? - answerA four-
stroke operating cycle. 2-16
What are the four cycles of the four-stroke operating cycle? - answer1. Intake: The
piston moves away from the cylinder head on the intake stroke, the intake valve opens
and the fuel/air mixture is drawn into the combustion chamber.
2. Compression: As the piston moves back toward the cylinder head, the intake valve
closes and the fuel/air mixture is compressed.
3. Power: When compression is almost complete, the spark plugs fire and the
compressed mixture is ignited to begin the power stroke. The expanding gases of the
controlled burning drive the piston, providing power that rotates the crankshaft.
4. Exhaust: The exhaust stroke expels the burned gases form the chamber through the
opened exhaust valve.
2-16
What is the purpose of the induction system of the engine? - answerTo bring outside air
into the engine, mix it with fuel in the proper proportion, and deliver it to the cylinders
where combustion occurs. 2-17
How do you control the induction system of the engine? - answerWith the throttle and
the mixture. The throttle controls engine speed by regulating the amount of fuel and air
mixture that flows into the cylinders, while the mixture controls the fuel/air ratio. 2-17
What does the carburetor in the engine do? - answerIt mixes the incoming air with fuel
and delivers it to the combustion chamber. 2-18
What is the operating principle of float-type carburetors? - answerThey are based on the
difference in pressure at the venture throat and the air inlet. 2-18
As an airplane climbs, do you enrich or lean the mixture to maintain optimum fuel/air
ratio? - answerLean. 2-19
What is happening when you lean the fuel/air mixture? - answerYou are decreasing the
fuel flow to compensate for decreased air density. This can also eliminate engine
roughness during runup at high elevation airports. 2-19
As altitude increases, what happens to air density? - answerAir density decreases. 2-19
If you are experiencing engine roughness during pre-takeoff runup at a high elevation
airport, or during climbs or cruise flight at high altitudes, what should you do? -
answerLean the fuel/air mixture in order to compensate for the less dense air, and full
rich fuel. 2-19
