CIS 440 Exam 1 – Questions & Answers |
Latest Update 2026 | Exam Prep | Graded A+
Definition of AI - correct answerThe science and engineering of making intelligent
machines
Four approaches to AI - correct answerActing humanly, thinking humanly, thinking
rationally, acting rationally
Acting humanly - correct answerTuring test: can the machine convince a human that it
is human via written english
Thinking Humanly - correct answerBuilding machines that mimic human cognition. It is
hard to capture human thought
Thinking Rationally - correct answerLaws of thought, logic, difficulties (expressing
knowledge as logical formulae.... "define chair"), logical reasoning is NP-Hard
Acting rationally - correct answerRational agent acts to achieve the best outcome.
Encompasses other approaches
Agent - correct answerPerceives its environment through sensors and acts on its
environment through actuators
Percepts - correct answerPerceptual inputs to the agent
Rational Agent - correct answerTakes actions that maximize the performance measure
given the percept sequence and any prior knowledge
PEAS - correct answerPerformance, Environment, Actuators, Sensors
Fully observable vs. partially observable - correct answerDo sensors give the complete
state of the environment?
Single agent vs multi-agent - correct answerAre there other agents in the environment
that can have their performance affected by the agent
Deterministic vs stochastics - correct answerDeterministic: output of the model fully
determined by parameter values and initial conditions
Stochastic: models possess some inherent randomness, same set of parameters and
initial conditions could lead to different results
, Episodic vs. sequential - correct answerSequential: past can influence present/future
Episodic: only consider the task at hand
Static vs dynamic - correct answerStatic: environment doesn't change while the agent is
deliberating
Dynamic: the environment can change while the agent is deliberating
Discrete vs. continuous - correct answerDiscrete: fixed number of environment states
Continuous: not a fixed number of environment states
Known vs. unknown - correct answerKnown: effects of the actions are known
Unknown: effects of the actions are unknown
Basic Agent: - correct answerProcess percept, choose action, return action
Simple Reflex Agent - correct answerHas some rules that basically tell you what actions
to take based on the percepts received
Model-based reflex agent: - correct answerBegin to give the agent a model of the world
so it knows how its actions will affect the world.
Model describes how the world evolves and the effects of the actions on the world
Models/rules come from the designer or the agent learns them
Goal-based agent - correct answerSearch for a sequence of actions to achieve a goal
Utility-based agent - correct answerSearch for a sequence of actions to reach high utility
state
Always choose the thing that will get you the max utility
Learning agent - correct answerChanges agent to improve performance based on
models, rules, goals, so that it continues to get better. Can be used with all of the above
agents
Problem-solving agent - correct answerGoal-based agent with a feature-based state
representation (location, orientation). Rationality is to achieve goal (minimize cost),
searches for a sequence of actions to achieve the goal
Well-Defined Problems (5 parts) - correct answerInitial state, actions, transition model,
goal test (true for any state satisfying goal), path cost
Latest Update 2026 | Exam Prep | Graded A+
Definition of AI - correct answerThe science and engineering of making intelligent
machines
Four approaches to AI - correct answerActing humanly, thinking humanly, thinking
rationally, acting rationally
Acting humanly - correct answerTuring test: can the machine convince a human that it
is human via written english
Thinking Humanly - correct answerBuilding machines that mimic human cognition. It is
hard to capture human thought
Thinking Rationally - correct answerLaws of thought, logic, difficulties (expressing
knowledge as logical formulae.... "define chair"), logical reasoning is NP-Hard
Acting rationally - correct answerRational agent acts to achieve the best outcome.
Encompasses other approaches
Agent - correct answerPerceives its environment through sensors and acts on its
environment through actuators
Percepts - correct answerPerceptual inputs to the agent
Rational Agent - correct answerTakes actions that maximize the performance measure
given the percept sequence and any prior knowledge
PEAS - correct answerPerformance, Environment, Actuators, Sensors
Fully observable vs. partially observable - correct answerDo sensors give the complete
state of the environment?
Single agent vs multi-agent - correct answerAre there other agents in the environment
that can have their performance affected by the agent
Deterministic vs stochastics - correct answerDeterministic: output of the model fully
determined by parameter values and initial conditions
Stochastic: models possess some inherent randomness, same set of parameters and
initial conditions could lead to different results
, Episodic vs. sequential - correct answerSequential: past can influence present/future
Episodic: only consider the task at hand
Static vs dynamic - correct answerStatic: environment doesn't change while the agent is
deliberating
Dynamic: the environment can change while the agent is deliberating
Discrete vs. continuous - correct answerDiscrete: fixed number of environment states
Continuous: not a fixed number of environment states
Known vs. unknown - correct answerKnown: effects of the actions are known
Unknown: effects of the actions are unknown
Basic Agent: - correct answerProcess percept, choose action, return action
Simple Reflex Agent - correct answerHas some rules that basically tell you what actions
to take based on the percepts received
Model-based reflex agent: - correct answerBegin to give the agent a model of the world
so it knows how its actions will affect the world.
Model describes how the world evolves and the effects of the actions on the world
Models/rules come from the designer or the agent learns them
Goal-based agent - correct answerSearch for a sequence of actions to achieve a goal
Utility-based agent - correct answerSearch for a sequence of actions to reach high utility
state
Always choose the thing that will get you the max utility
Learning agent - correct answerChanges agent to improve performance based on
models, rules, goals, so that it continues to get better. Can be used with all of the above
agents
Problem-solving agent - correct answerGoal-based agent with a feature-based state
representation (location, orientation). Rationality is to achieve goal (minimize cost),
searches for a sequence of actions to achieve the goal
Well-Defined Problems (5 parts) - correct answerInitial state, actions, transition model,
goal test (true for any state satisfying goal), path cost
