NSG 3107 LATEST 2026 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔chronic pain - ✔✔pain outlasts normal time of healing
may be due to an underlying disease process, or may be considered a disease state in
itself
ex. complex regional pain syndrome, fibromyalgia, phantom pain
✔✔comprehensive pain assessment LMNOPQRST - ✔✔location
mechanics
nociceptive/neuropathic
onset
palliative/provocative
quality/quantity
radiation/region
severity
timing
✔✔pain measurement - ✔✔use a validated pain rating scale
qualify pain w/ descriptors and quantify w/ numbers
consider reliability and validity factors
✔✔need for consistent and standardized pain assessments - ✔✔fail to obatin pain
rating they are likely to underestimate pain, especially in mod-severe range
✔✔WHO Pain Ladder - ✔✔1. non-opioide/NSAIDs
2. weak opioid
3. stronger opioids
✔✔the 3 P approach to Pain - ✔✔pharmacology
physiotherapy
psychotherapy
✔✔PRN vs scheduled dosing - ✔✔PRN:
- active participation
- flexibility in dosing
- rapid response to pain
- intermittent pain
- excessive sedation at peaks
Scheduled:
- stable blood-opioid levels
- less drug needed to prevent recurrence of pain
- considered if pain lasts >12 hrs/ 24 hrs
- prevents under Tx of pain
- requires rescue dose for breakthrough pain
, ✔✔Non Pharma Support - ✔✔Physical (mild)
behavioural (mod-severe)
cognitive (severe)
✔✔Pain Management During Needles - Neonates - ✔✔sucrose/glucose
kangaroo care
non-nutritive sucking
facilitated tucking or swaddling
✔✔pain management during needles - infants - ✔✔breastfeeding
sweet solutions
top anesthetics
distraction
✔✔pain management during needles - toddlers - ✔✔sweet taste
topical anesthetics
distraction
upright holding
medical play
✔✔pain management during needles - school age + adolescents - ✔✔topical
anesthetics
distract/prep
relax/guided imagery
CBT
choice of strategy + timing
✔✔ADVANCE program - ✔✔anxiety, distract, video education, adding parents, no
excessive reassurance, coaching, exposure/shaping
✔✔dehydration - ✔✔output > input
✔✔clinical signs of dehydration - ✔✔weight loss, pulse increase, respiratory rate rapid
✔✔isotonic/hyoptonic/hypertonic dehydration - ✔✔isotonic: loss of water and sodium
hypotonic: loss of more sodium than water
hypertonic: loss of more water than sodium
✔✔IV bolus - ✔✔20 cc/kg
✔✔Calculating maintenance fluids - ✔✔4 ml/kg
40 mls + 2ml/kg
60 mls + 1 ml/kg
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔chronic pain - ✔✔pain outlasts normal time of healing
may be due to an underlying disease process, or may be considered a disease state in
itself
ex. complex regional pain syndrome, fibromyalgia, phantom pain
✔✔comprehensive pain assessment LMNOPQRST - ✔✔location
mechanics
nociceptive/neuropathic
onset
palliative/provocative
quality/quantity
radiation/region
severity
timing
✔✔pain measurement - ✔✔use a validated pain rating scale
qualify pain w/ descriptors and quantify w/ numbers
consider reliability and validity factors
✔✔need for consistent and standardized pain assessments - ✔✔fail to obatin pain
rating they are likely to underestimate pain, especially in mod-severe range
✔✔WHO Pain Ladder - ✔✔1. non-opioide/NSAIDs
2. weak opioid
3. stronger opioids
✔✔the 3 P approach to Pain - ✔✔pharmacology
physiotherapy
psychotherapy
✔✔PRN vs scheduled dosing - ✔✔PRN:
- active participation
- flexibility in dosing
- rapid response to pain
- intermittent pain
- excessive sedation at peaks
Scheduled:
- stable blood-opioid levels
- less drug needed to prevent recurrence of pain
- considered if pain lasts >12 hrs/ 24 hrs
- prevents under Tx of pain
- requires rescue dose for breakthrough pain
, ✔✔Non Pharma Support - ✔✔Physical (mild)
behavioural (mod-severe)
cognitive (severe)
✔✔Pain Management During Needles - Neonates - ✔✔sucrose/glucose
kangaroo care
non-nutritive sucking
facilitated tucking or swaddling
✔✔pain management during needles - infants - ✔✔breastfeeding
sweet solutions
top anesthetics
distraction
✔✔pain management during needles - toddlers - ✔✔sweet taste
topical anesthetics
distraction
upright holding
medical play
✔✔pain management during needles - school age + adolescents - ✔✔topical
anesthetics
distract/prep
relax/guided imagery
CBT
choice of strategy + timing
✔✔ADVANCE program - ✔✔anxiety, distract, video education, adding parents, no
excessive reassurance, coaching, exposure/shaping
✔✔dehydration - ✔✔output > input
✔✔clinical signs of dehydration - ✔✔weight loss, pulse increase, respiratory rate rapid
✔✔isotonic/hyoptonic/hypertonic dehydration - ✔✔isotonic: loss of water and sodium
hypotonic: loss of more sodium than water
hypertonic: loss of more water than sodium
✔✔IV bolus - ✔✔20 cc/kg
✔✔Calculating maintenance fluids - ✔✔4 ml/kg
40 mls + 2ml/kg
60 mls + 1 ml/kg
