Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 11th Edition - Abbas Test Bank - (Chapters 1-21)

,Table of Contents
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Chapter 01 Properties and Overview of Immune Responses
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Chapter 02 Cells and Tissues of the Immune System
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Chapter 03 Leukocyte Circulation and Migration Into Tissues
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Chapter 04 Innate Immunity
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Chapter 05 Antibodies and Antigens
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Chapter 06 Antigen Presentation to T Lymphocytes and the Functions of Major
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Histocompatibility Complex Molecules
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Chapter 07 Immune Receptors and Signal Transduction
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Chapter 08 Lymphocyte Development and Antigen Receptor Gene Rearrangement
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Chapter 09 Activation of T Lymphocytes
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Chapter 10
x@ x@ Differentiation and Functions of CD4+ Effector T Cells
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Chapter 11
x@ x@ Differentiation and Functions of CD8+ Effector T Cells
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Chapterx@ 12 x@ B Cell Activation and Antibody Production
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Chapterx@ 13 x@ Effector Mechanisms of Humoral Immunity
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Chapter 14 Specialized Immunity at Epithelial Barriers and in Immune Privileged Tissues
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Chapter 15 Immunologic Tolerance and Autoimmunity
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Chapter 16 Immunity to Microbes
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Chapter 17 Transplantation Immunology
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Chapter 18 Tumor Immunology
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Chapter 19 Hypersensitivity Disorders
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Chapter 20 Allergy
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Chapter 21 Primary and Acquired Immunodeficiencies
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,Chapter 01: Properties and Overview of Immune Responses
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Abbas, Lichtman, and Pillai: Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 11th Edition
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MULTIPLE CHOICE x@




1. The principal function of the immune system is:
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a. Defense against cancer x@ x@


b. Repair of injured tissues x@ x@ x@


c. Defense against microbial infections x@ x@ x@


d. Prevention of inflammatory diseases x@ x@ x@


e. Protection against environmental toxins x@ x@ x@




ANS: C x @


The immune system has evolved in the setting of selective pressures imposed by mic
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robial infections. Although immune responses to cancer may occur, the concept that
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―immunosurveillance‖ against cancer is a principal function of the immune system is x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x


@controversial. Repair of injured tissues may be a secondary consequence of the imm
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une responses and inflammation. Although the immune system has regulatory feature
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s that are needed to prevent excessive inflammation, prevention of inflammatory dise
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ases is not a primary function. The immune system can protect against microbial toxi
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ns, but it generally does not offer protection against toxins of nonbiologic origin.
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2. Which of the following infectious diseases was prevented by the first succ
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essful vaccination? x@


a. Polio
b. Tuberculosis
c. Smallpox
d. Tetanus
e. Rubella
ANS: C x @


In 1798, Edward Jenner reported the first intentional successful vaccination, which w
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as against smallpox in a boy, using material from the cowpox pustules of a milkmaid
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. In 1980, smallpox was reported to be eradicated worldwide by a vaccination progr
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am. Effective vaccines against tetanus toxin, rubella virus, and poliovirus were devel
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oped in the 20th century and are widely used. There is no effective vaccine against
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@Mycobacterium tuberculosis. x@




3. Which of the following is a unique property of the adaptive immune system?
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a. Highly diverse repertoire of specificities for antigens
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b. Self-nonself discrimination x@


c. Recognition of microbial structures by both cell-associated and soluble receptors
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d. Protection against viral infections x@ x@ x@


e. Responses that have the same kinetics and magnitude on repeated exposure
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to the same microbe
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ANS: x @ A

, Highly diverse repertoires of specificities for antigens are found only in T and B ly
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mphocytes, which are the central cellular components of the adaptive immune syste
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m. Both the innate and the adaptive immune systems use cell-
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associated and soluble receptors to recognize microbes, display some degree of self-
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nonself discrimination, and protect against viruses. On repeated exposure to the same
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@microbe, the adaptive immune response becomes more rapid and of greater magnitu
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de; this is the manifestation of memory.
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4. Antibodies and T lymphocytes are the respective mediators of which two ty
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pes of immunity?
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a. Innate and adaptive x@ x@


b. Passive and active x@ x@


c. Specific and nonspecific x@ x@


d. Humoral and cell-mediated x@ x@


e. Adult and neonatal x@ x@




ANS: D x @


Both B and T lymphocytes are principal components of adaptive immunity. B lympho
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cytes produce antibodies, which are the recognition and effector molecules of humoral
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immune responses to extracellular pathogens. T cells recognize and promote eradicati
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on of intracellular pathogens in cell-
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mediated immunity. Passive and active immunity both can be mediated by either B or
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@T lymphocytes. Specific immunity is another term for adaptive immunity. Both B and
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T lymphocytes participate in adult adaptive immunity but are still developing in the
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neonatal period. x@




5. The two major functional classes of effector T lymphocytes are:
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a. Helper T lymphocytes and cytotoxic T lymphocytes
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b. Natural killer cells and cytoWtoWxW
ic.TTlB
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mMph.oW
cyStes x@ x@ x@


c. Memory T cells and effector T cells x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@


d. Helper cells and antigen-presenting cells
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e. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and target cells x@ x@ x@ x@ x@




ANS: A x @


T cells can be classified into effector subsets that perform different effector functions.
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@Most effector T cells are either helper T lymphocytes, which enhance the responses
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@of other immune cells, including phagocytes and B cells, to infections, or cytotoxic
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@T lymphocytes, which directly kill infected cells. Natural killer cells are not T lym
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phocytes.
Antigen-presenting cells usually are not T cells. Memory T cells are not effector T cells.
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6. Which of the following cell types is required for all adaptive humoral immune responses?
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a. Natural killer cells x@ x@


b. Dendritic cells x@


c. Cytolytic T lymphocytes x@ x@


d. B lymphocytesx@


e. Helper T lymphocytes x@ x@




ANS: D x @


Humoral immune responses are antibody-
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mediated immune responses, and all antibodies are made by B lymphocytes and no
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other cell type.
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