lOMoAR cPSD| 47061011
Module 1 Exam - Module 1 Exam - NUR2811 - 1 Nursing Capstone
Due No due date
Points 98
Questions 98
Time Limit None
Allowed Attempts Unlimited
Take the Quiz Again
Attempt History
Attempt Time Score
LATEST Attempt 1 104 minutes 95.67 out of 98
Submitted Jun 11 at 5:06pm
Question 1
pts
A nurse is providing information to a group of pregnant clients and their partners about the psychosocial development of an infant. Using Erikson's
theory of psychosocial development, what should the nurse tell the group about the infants?
Ignore needs for short periods to develop a healthy personality
Tolerate a great deal of frustration and discomfort to develop a healthy personality
Correct!
Rely on the fact that their needs will be met
Experience frustration to allow an infant to cry for a while before meeting his or her needs
Rationale: According to Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, infants struggle to establish a sense of basic trust rather than a sense of
basic mistrust in their world, their caregivers, and themselves. If provided with consistent satisfying experiences that are delivered in a timely
manner, infants come to rely on the fact that their needs are met and that, in turn, they will be able to tolerate some degree of frustration and
discomfort until those needs are met. This sense of confidence is an early form of trust and provides the foundation for a healthy personality.
Therefore the other options are incorrect.
Test-Taking Strategy: Eliminate the option that contains the closed-ended word "must." Eliminate the options that are comparable or alike
and indicate that experiencing frustration is necessary.
Review: Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development as it relates to the infant.
Level of Cognitive Ability: Applying
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Teaching and Learning
Content Area: Developmental Stages
Giddens Concepts: Development, Reproduction
HESI Concepts: Developmental, Sexuality/Reproduction
Question 2
pts
A nurse is weighing a breastfed 6-month-old infant who has been brought to the pediatrician's office for a scheduled visit. The infant's weight at birth
was 6 lb 8 oz (2.9 kg). The nurse notes that the infant now weighs 13 lb (5.9 kg). Which action should the nurse take?
Correct!
Tell the mother that the infant's weight is increasing as expected
Tell the mother to decrease the daily number of feedings because the weight gain is excessive
Tell the mother that semisolid foods should not be introduced until the infant's weight stabilizes
Tell the mother that the infant should be switched from breast milk to formula because the weight gain is inadequate
Rationale: Infants usually double their birth weight by 6 months and triple it by 1 year of age. If the infant is 6 lb 8 oz (2.9 kg), at birth, a weight of
13 lb (5.9 kg) at 6 months of age is to be expected. Semisolid foods are usually introduced between 4 and 6 months of age.
Test-Taking Strategy: Focus on the subject in the question, the current weight of the infant. Recalling that infants double their weight by 6
months of age will direct you to the correct option.
, lOMoAR cPSD| 47061011
Review: The growth rate of an infant.
Level of Cognitive Ability: Applying
Client Needs: Physiological Integrity
Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Implementation
Content Area: Developmental Stages
Giddens Concepts: Development, Nutrition
HESI Concepts: Developmental, Nutrition
Question 3
pts
A nurse performing a physical assessment of a 12-month-old infant notes that the infant's head circumference is the same as the chest
circumference. Based on this finding, what should the nurse do?
Correct!
Document these measurements in the infant's health-care record
Tell the mother that the infant is growing faster than expected
Suspect the presence of hydrocephalus
Suggest to the pediatrician that a skull x-ray be performed
Rationale: The head circumference growth rate during the first year is approximately 0.4 inch (1 cm) per month. By 10 to 12 months of age, the
infant’s head and chest circumferences are equal. Therefore, suspecting the presence of hydrocephalus, telling the mother that the infant is
growing faster than expected, and suggesting that a skull x-ray be performed are incorrect.
Test-Taking Strategy: Eliminate the options that are comparable or alike and indicate that the infant has a physiological problem.
Review: The expected growth rate of an infant.
Level of Cognitive Ability: Applying
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Implementation
Content Area: Developmental Stages
Giddens Concepts: Clinical Judgment, Development
HESI Concepts: Clinical Decision-Making/Clinical Judgment, Developmental
Question 4
pts
A new mother asks the nurse, "I was told that my infant received my antibodies during pregnancy. Does that mean that my infant is protected
against infections?" Which statement should the nurse make in response to the mother?
"Yes, your infant is protected from all infections."
"If you breastfeed, your infant is protected from infection."
"The transfer of your antibodies protects your infant until the infant is 12 months old."
Correct!
"The immune system of an infant is immature, and the infant is at risk for infection."
Rationale: Transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies supplements the infant’s weak response to infection until approximately 3 to 4 months of
age. Although the infant begins to produce immunoglobulin (Ig) soon after birth, by 1 year of age the infant has only approximately 60% of the adult
IgG level, 75% of the adult IgM level, and 20% of the adult IgA level. Breast milk transmits additional IgA protection. The activity of Tlymphocytes
also increases after birth. Even though the immune system matures during infancy, maximal protection against infection is not achieved until early
childhood. This immaturity places the infant at risk for infection.
Test-Taking Strategy: Eliminate the option containing the closed-ended word "all." Recalling that breastfeeding alone does not protect the infant
from infection will assist you in eliminating the option that suggests breastfeeding protects the infant. From the remaining options, use the strategy
of selecting the umbrella option to answer correctly.
Review: The physiological concepts related to the maturity of body systems in an infant.
Level of Cognitive Ability: Applying
Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment
Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Implementation
Content Area: Developmental Stages
Giddens Concepts: Development, Immunity
HESI Concepts: Developmental, Immunity
, lOMoAR cPSD| 47061011
Question 5
pts
A nurse is assessing the language development of a 9-month-old infant. Which developmental milestones does the nurse expect to note in an
infant of this age? Select all that apply.
The infant smiles and coos.
Correct!
The infant strings vowels and consonants together.
The infant babbles single consonants.
Correct!
The infant says "Mama."
The infant babbles.
Correct!
Words begin to have meaning for the infant.
Rationale: An 8- to 9-month-old infant can string vowels and consonants together. The first words, such as "Mama," "Daddy," "bye-bye," and
"baby," begin to have meaning. A 1- to 3-month-old infant produces cooing sounds. Babbling is common in a 3- to 4-month-old. Single-consonant
babbling occurs between 6 and 8 months of age.
Test-Taking Strategy: Focus on the subject, the age of the infant. Recalling the language development that occurs during infancy will direct you to
the correct option. Remember that an 8- to 9-month-old infant can string vowels and consonants together.
Review: The developmental milestones related to language development in an infant.
Level of Cognitive Ability: Applying
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Assessment
Content Area: Developmental Stages
Giddens Concepts: Communication, Development
HESI Concepts: Communication, Developmental
Question 6
pts
The mother of a 9-month-old infant calls the nurse at the pediatrician's office, tells the nurse that her infant is teething, and asks what can be done
to relieve the infant's discomfort. What should the nurse instruct the mother to do?
Rub the infant's gums with baby aspirin that has been dissolved in water
Schedule an appointment with a dentist for a dental evaluation
Obtain an over-the-counter (OTC) topical medication for gum-pain relief
Correct!
Give the infant cool liquids or a Popsicle and hard foods such as dry toast
Rationale: Although sometimes asymptomatic, teething is often signaled by behaviors such as nighttime awakening, daytime restlessness,
increase in nonnutritive sucking, excess drooling, and temporary loss of appetite. Some degree of discomfort is normal. It is unnecessary to obtain
a dental evaluation, but a health-care professional should further investigate any incidence of increased temperature, irritability, eartugging, or
diarrhea. The nurse may suggest that the mother provide cool liquids and hard foods such as dry toast, Popsicles, or a frozen bagel for chewing to
relieve discomfort. Hard, cold teethers and ice wrapped in cloth may also provide comfort for inflamed gums. OTC medications for gum relief
should only be used as directed by the healthcare provider. Home remedies such as rubbing the gums with aspirin should be discouraged, but
acetaminophen (Tylenol), administered as directed for the child’s age, can relieve discomfort.
Test-Taking Strategy: Focus on the subject, teething and relieving the infant’s discomfort. First recall that it is unnecessary to consult with a
dentist. Next, eliminate the options that are comparable or alike and involve administering medication to the infant.
Review: The measures that will relieve the discomfort of teething.
Level of Cognitive Ability: Applying
Client Needs: Physiological Integrity
Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Implementation
Content Area: Developmental Stages
Giddens Concepts: Comfort, Development
HESI Concepts: Comfort—Pain, Developmental
, lOMoAR cPSD| 47061011
Question 7
pts
A nurse is teaching the mother of an 11-month-old infant how to clean the infant's teeth. What should the nurse tell the mother to do?
Dip the infant's pacifier in maple syrup so that the infant will suck
Use diluted fluoride and rub the teeth with a soft washcloth
Correct!
Use water and a cotton swab and rub the teeth
Use a small amount of toothpaste and a soft-bristle toothbrush
Rationale: Because the primary teeth are used for chewing until the permanent teeth erupt and because decay of the primary teeth often results in
decay of the permanent teeth, dental care must be started in infancy. The mother can use cotton swabs or a soft washcloth to clean the teeth.
Appropriate amounts of fluoride are necessary for the development of healthy teeth, but infants usually receive fluoride when formula and cereal
are mixed with fluoridated water or through fluoride supplementation. Toothpaste is not recommended because infants tend to swallow it, possibly
ingesting excessive amounts of fluoride. Dipping the infant’s pacifier in maple syrup is unacceptable because of the risk of tooth decay.
Test-Taking Strategy: Focus on the subject, cleaning the teeth. Recalling the risk associated with tooth decay will help eliminate the option that
identifies the use of maple syrup. To select from the remaining options, noting that the client in the question is an infant will direct you to the correct
option.
Review: The procedure for cleaning teeth in an infant.
Level of Cognitive Ability: Applying
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Teaching and Learning
Content Area: Developmental Stages
Giddens Concepts: Client Education, Development
HESI Concepts: Developmental, Teaching and Learning/Client Education
Question 8
pts
A nurse provides information about feeding to the mother of a 6-month-old infant. Which statement by the mother indicates an understanding of the
information?
"Meats are really important for iron, and I should start feeding meats to my infant right away."
"Fluoride supplementation is not necessary until permanent teeth come in."
"I can mix the food in my infant's bottle if he won't eat the food."
Correct!
"Egg white should not be given to my infant because of the risk for an allergy."
Rationale: Egg white, even in small quantities, is not given to the infant until the end of the first year of life because it is a common food allergen.
Fluoride supplementation may be needed beginning at of 6 months, depending on the infant’s intake of fluoridated tap water. Foods are never
mixed with formula in the bottle. It may be difficult for the infant to consume the formula, and it will also be difficult to determine the infant’s intake of
the formula. Solid foods may be introduced into the diet when the infant is 5 to 6 months old. Rice cereal may be introduced first because of its low
allergenic potential; or, depending on the pediatrician’s preference, fruits and vegetables may be introduced first.
Test-Taking Strategy: Note the strategic words “indicates an understanding of the information.” Read each option carefully and think about the
principles associated with feeding and nutrition. Recalling that allergy is a concern will direct you to the correct option.
Review: The principles related to nutrition in an infant.
Level of Cognitive Ability: Evaluating
Client Needs: Physiological Integrity
Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Evaluation
Content Area: Nutrition
Giddens Concepts: Development, Nutrition
HESI Concepts: Developmental, Nutrition
Question 9
pts
A nurse provides instructions to a mother of a newborn infant who weighs 7 lb 2 oz (3.2 kg) about car safety. What should the nurse tell the mother?
Correct!
Module 1 Exam - Module 1 Exam - NUR2811 - 1 Nursing Capstone
Due No due date
Points 98
Questions 98
Time Limit None
Allowed Attempts Unlimited
Take the Quiz Again
Attempt History
Attempt Time Score
LATEST Attempt 1 104 minutes 95.67 out of 98
Submitted Jun 11 at 5:06pm
Question 1
pts
A nurse is providing information to a group of pregnant clients and their partners about the psychosocial development of an infant. Using Erikson's
theory of psychosocial development, what should the nurse tell the group about the infants?
Ignore needs for short periods to develop a healthy personality
Tolerate a great deal of frustration and discomfort to develop a healthy personality
Correct!
Rely on the fact that their needs will be met
Experience frustration to allow an infant to cry for a while before meeting his or her needs
Rationale: According to Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, infants struggle to establish a sense of basic trust rather than a sense of
basic mistrust in their world, their caregivers, and themselves. If provided with consistent satisfying experiences that are delivered in a timely
manner, infants come to rely on the fact that their needs are met and that, in turn, they will be able to tolerate some degree of frustration and
discomfort until those needs are met. This sense of confidence is an early form of trust and provides the foundation for a healthy personality.
Therefore the other options are incorrect.
Test-Taking Strategy: Eliminate the option that contains the closed-ended word "must." Eliminate the options that are comparable or alike
and indicate that experiencing frustration is necessary.
Review: Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development as it relates to the infant.
Level of Cognitive Ability: Applying
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Teaching and Learning
Content Area: Developmental Stages
Giddens Concepts: Development, Reproduction
HESI Concepts: Developmental, Sexuality/Reproduction
Question 2
pts
A nurse is weighing a breastfed 6-month-old infant who has been brought to the pediatrician's office for a scheduled visit. The infant's weight at birth
was 6 lb 8 oz (2.9 kg). The nurse notes that the infant now weighs 13 lb (5.9 kg). Which action should the nurse take?
Correct!
Tell the mother that the infant's weight is increasing as expected
Tell the mother to decrease the daily number of feedings because the weight gain is excessive
Tell the mother that semisolid foods should not be introduced until the infant's weight stabilizes
Tell the mother that the infant should be switched from breast milk to formula because the weight gain is inadequate
Rationale: Infants usually double their birth weight by 6 months and triple it by 1 year of age. If the infant is 6 lb 8 oz (2.9 kg), at birth, a weight of
13 lb (5.9 kg) at 6 months of age is to be expected. Semisolid foods are usually introduced between 4 and 6 months of age.
Test-Taking Strategy: Focus on the subject in the question, the current weight of the infant. Recalling that infants double their weight by 6
months of age will direct you to the correct option.
, lOMoAR cPSD| 47061011
Review: The growth rate of an infant.
Level of Cognitive Ability: Applying
Client Needs: Physiological Integrity
Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Implementation
Content Area: Developmental Stages
Giddens Concepts: Development, Nutrition
HESI Concepts: Developmental, Nutrition
Question 3
pts
A nurse performing a physical assessment of a 12-month-old infant notes that the infant's head circumference is the same as the chest
circumference. Based on this finding, what should the nurse do?
Correct!
Document these measurements in the infant's health-care record
Tell the mother that the infant is growing faster than expected
Suspect the presence of hydrocephalus
Suggest to the pediatrician that a skull x-ray be performed
Rationale: The head circumference growth rate during the first year is approximately 0.4 inch (1 cm) per month. By 10 to 12 months of age, the
infant’s head and chest circumferences are equal. Therefore, suspecting the presence of hydrocephalus, telling the mother that the infant is
growing faster than expected, and suggesting that a skull x-ray be performed are incorrect.
Test-Taking Strategy: Eliminate the options that are comparable or alike and indicate that the infant has a physiological problem.
Review: The expected growth rate of an infant.
Level of Cognitive Ability: Applying
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Implementation
Content Area: Developmental Stages
Giddens Concepts: Clinical Judgment, Development
HESI Concepts: Clinical Decision-Making/Clinical Judgment, Developmental
Question 4
pts
A new mother asks the nurse, "I was told that my infant received my antibodies during pregnancy. Does that mean that my infant is protected
against infections?" Which statement should the nurse make in response to the mother?
"Yes, your infant is protected from all infections."
"If you breastfeed, your infant is protected from infection."
"The transfer of your antibodies protects your infant until the infant is 12 months old."
Correct!
"The immune system of an infant is immature, and the infant is at risk for infection."
Rationale: Transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies supplements the infant’s weak response to infection until approximately 3 to 4 months of
age. Although the infant begins to produce immunoglobulin (Ig) soon after birth, by 1 year of age the infant has only approximately 60% of the adult
IgG level, 75% of the adult IgM level, and 20% of the adult IgA level. Breast milk transmits additional IgA protection. The activity of Tlymphocytes
also increases after birth. Even though the immune system matures during infancy, maximal protection against infection is not achieved until early
childhood. This immaturity places the infant at risk for infection.
Test-Taking Strategy: Eliminate the option containing the closed-ended word "all." Recalling that breastfeeding alone does not protect the infant
from infection will assist you in eliminating the option that suggests breastfeeding protects the infant. From the remaining options, use the strategy
of selecting the umbrella option to answer correctly.
Review: The physiological concepts related to the maturity of body systems in an infant.
Level of Cognitive Ability: Applying
Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment
Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Implementation
Content Area: Developmental Stages
Giddens Concepts: Development, Immunity
HESI Concepts: Developmental, Immunity
, lOMoAR cPSD| 47061011
Question 5
pts
A nurse is assessing the language development of a 9-month-old infant. Which developmental milestones does the nurse expect to note in an
infant of this age? Select all that apply.
The infant smiles and coos.
Correct!
The infant strings vowels and consonants together.
The infant babbles single consonants.
Correct!
The infant says "Mama."
The infant babbles.
Correct!
Words begin to have meaning for the infant.
Rationale: An 8- to 9-month-old infant can string vowels and consonants together. The first words, such as "Mama," "Daddy," "bye-bye," and
"baby," begin to have meaning. A 1- to 3-month-old infant produces cooing sounds. Babbling is common in a 3- to 4-month-old. Single-consonant
babbling occurs between 6 and 8 months of age.
Test-Taking Strategy: Focus on the subject, the age of the infant. Recalling the language development that occurs during infancy will direct you to
the correct option. Remember that an 8- to 9-month-old infant can string vowels and consonants together.
Review: The developmental milestones related to language development in an infant.
Level of Cognitive Ability: Applying
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Assessment
Content Area: Developmental Stages
Giddens Concepts: Communication, Development
HESI Concepts: Communication, Developmental
Question 6
pts
The mother of a 9-month-old infant calls the nurse at the pediatrician's office, tells the nurse that her infant is teething, and asks what can be done
to relieve the infant's discomfort. What should the nurse instruct the mother to do?
Rub the infant's gums with baby aspirin that has been dissolved in water
Schedule an appointment with a dentist for a dental evaluation
Obtain an over-the-counter (OTC) topical medication for gum-pain relief
Correct!
Give the infant cool liquids or a Popsicle and hard foods such as dry toast
Rationale: Although sometimes asymptomatic, teething is often signaled by behaviors such as nighttime awakening, daytime restlessness,
increase in nonnutritive sucking, excess drooling, and temporary loss of appetite. Some degree of discomfort is normal. It is unnecessary to obtain
a dental evaluation, but a health-care professional should further investigate any incidence of increased temperature, irritability, eartugging, or
diarrhea. The nurse may suggest that the mother provide cool liquids and hard foods such as dry toast, Popsicles, or a frozen bagel for chewing to
relieve discomfort. Hard, cold teethers and ice wrapped in cloth may also provide comfort for inflamed gums. OTC medications for gum relief
should only be used as directed by the healthcare provider. Home remedies such as rubbing the gums with aspirin should be discouraged, but
acetaminophen (Tylenol), administered as directed for the child’s age, can relieve discomfort.
Test-Taking Strategy: Focus on the subject, teething and relieving the infant’s discomfort. First recall that it is unnecessary to consult with a
dentist. Next, eliminate the options that are comparable or alike and involve administering medication to the infant.
Review: The measures that will relieve the discomfort of teething.
Level of Cognitive Ability: Applying
Client Needs: Physiological Integrity
Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Implementation
Content Area: Developmental Stages
Giddens Concepts: Comfort, Development
HESI Concepts: Comfort—Pain, Developmental
, lOMoAR cPSD| 47061011
Question 7
pts
A nurse is teaching the mother of an 11-month-old infant how to clean the infant's teeth. What should the nurse tell the mother to do?
Dip the infant's pacifier in maple syrup so that the infant will suck
Use diluted fluoride and rub the teeth with a soft washcloth
Correct!
Use water and a cotton swab and rub the teeth
Use a small amount of toothpaste and a soft-bristle toothbrush
Rationale: Because the primary teeth are used for chewing until the permanent teeth erupt and because decay of the primary teeth often results in
decay of the permanent teeth, dental care must be started in infancy. The mother can use cotton swabs or a soft washcloth to clean the teeth.
Appropriate amounts of fluoride are necessary for the development of healthy teeth, but infants usually receive fluoride when formula and cereal
are mixed with fluoridated water or through fluoride supplementation. Toothpaste is not recommended because infants tend to swallow it, possibly
ingesting excessive amounts of fluoride. Dipping the infant’s pacifier in maple syrup is unacceptable because of the risk of tooth decay.
Test-Taking Strategy: Focus on the subject, cleaning the teeth. Recalling the risk associated with tooth decay will help eliminate the option that
identifies the use of maple syrup. To select from the remaining options, noting that the client in the question is an infant will direct you to the correct
option.
Review: The procedure for cleaning teeth in an infant.
Level of Cognitive Ability: Applying
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Teaching and Learning
Content Area: Developmental Stages
Giddens Concepts: Client Education, Development
HESI Concepts: Developmental, Teaching and Learning/Client Education
Question 8
pts
A nurse provides information about feeding to the mother of a 6-month-old infant. Which statement by the mother indicates an understanding of the
information?
"Meats are really important for iron, and I should start feeding meats to my infant right away."
"Fluoride supplementation is not necessary until permanent teeth come in."
"I can mix the food in my infant's bottle if he won't eat the food."
Correct!
"Egg white should not be given to my infant because of the risk for an allergy."
Rationale: Egg white, even in small quantities, is not given to the infant until the end of the first year of life because it is a common food allergen.
Fluoride supplementation may be needed beginning at of 6 months, depending on the infant’s intake of fluoridated tap water. Foods are never
mixed with formula in the bottle. It may be difficult for the infant to consume the formula, and it will also be difficult to determine the infant’s intake of
the formula. Solid foods may be introduced into the diet when the infant is 5 to 6 months old. Rice cereal may be introduced first because of its low
allergenic potential; or, depending on the pediatrician’s preference, fruits and vegetables may be introduced first.
Test-Taking Strategy: Note the strategic words “indicates an understanding of the information.” Read each option carefully and think about the
principles associated with feeding and nutrition. Recalling that allergy is a concern will direct you to the correct option.
Review: The principles related to nutrition in an infant.
Level of Cognitive Ability: Evaluating
Client Needs: Physiological Integrity
Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Evaluation
Content Area: Nutrition
Giddens Concepts: Development, Nutrition
HESI Concepts: Developmental, Nutrition
Question 9
pts
A nurse provides instructions to a mother of a newborn infant who weighs 7 lb 2 oz (3.2 kg) about car safety. What should the nurse tell the mother?
Correct!
