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NBEO Part 2 Exam Choroid/Vitreous
2026 Newest Actual Exam With
Complete Questions And Correct
Detailed Answers (Expertly Verified
Answers) |Already Graded A+|Brand
New!!!
what is a Choroidal Nevus
Usually benign freckles
Disappear with red-free filter
NOT visible with green filter
Sign of Choroidal Nevus
Flat, grey-brown-green spot in retina with well demarcated borders
*small fraction can grow into choroidal melanomas*
Risks for melanoma in Choroidal Nevus
**To Find Small Ocular Melanomas, Use Helpful Hints Daily**
T = Thickness (Elevation > 2mm)
F = Fluid (subretinal)
S = Symptoms (blurred vision, float)
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O = Orange pigment (lipofuscin)
M = Margins (irregular borders)
UH = Ultrasonographic hollowness (low reflectivity = evil so lying low)
H = Halo absence
D = Distance/Drusen absence(overlying drusen a good sign and is
associated with a lower risk of malignant transformation) (Diameter >
4DD or 6mm) or close to optic nerve
**Thickness is most important indicator**
1.5 mm = 1DD
Treatment of Choroidal Nevus
1. Monitor and photograph
2. First follow up in 3 months, then every 1-12 mo depending on risk
level
What is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults?
Choroidal Melanoma
What are the most common sites of metastasis in Choroidal Melanoma?
Liver, lung, bone, skin and CNS (in that order)
If metastasizes, 15-45% mortality rate
Symptoms and Signs of Choroidal Melanoma
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Sympoms:
- Asymptomatic if in periphery
- Blur, metamorphopsia, VF loss, floaters and flashes of light if in
posterior pole
Signs:
- Dome shaped elevations w/ or w/o pigment
- Overlying yellow-orange lipofuscin
- Indistinct borders
- Associated serous retinal detachment
What are metastasize risks in Choroidal Melanoma?
- Increased thickness
- Involve ciliary body
- Close to optic nerve
- Exhibit growth
Treatment of Choroidal Melanoma
- Enucleation to prevent metastasis
- Oncologist for systemic evaluation
What is the most common intraocular malignancy in adults?
prognosis?
Choroidal Metastasis
Poor prognosis; Die within one year of diagnosis
most common site of primary tumor
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*cancer spreads from body TO the eye*
Most common site of primary tumor:
- Women is the breast
- Men is the lung
Signs of Choroidal Metastasis
- Yellow-white elevated lesions with pigmented clumps
- Overlying serous RDs
Treatment of Choroidal Metastasis
- Oncologist with chemotherapy for underlying cancer
Choroideremia inheritance
onset
X-linked recessive inheritance (men are affected, women are carriers)
Show itself when pt is 20-30 -> Legal blindness by 50-60
Symptoms and Signs of Choroideremia
Symptoms: Night blindness (nyctalopia) and light sensitivity
(photophobia)
Signs: Peripheral atrophy of choriocapillaris reveals overlying choroidal
vessels -> Progression to the macula
Treatment of Choroideremia
NBEO Part 2 Exam Choroid/Vitreous
2026 Newest Actual Exam With
Complete Questions And Correct
Detailed Answers (Expertly Verified
Answers) |Already Graded A+|Brand
New!!!
what is a Choroidal Nevus
Usually benign freckles
Disappear with red-free filter
NOT visible with green filter
Sign of Choroidal Nevus
Flat, grey-brown-green spot in retina with well demarcated borders
*small fraction can grow into choroidal melanomas*
Risks for melanoma in Choroidal Nevus
**To Find Small Ocular Melanomas, Use Helpful Hints Daily**
T = Thickness (Elevation > 2mm)
F = Fluid (subretinal)
S = Symptoms (blurred vision, float)
,2 | Page
O = Orange pigment (lipofuscin)
M = Margins (irregular borders)
UH = Ultrasonographic hollowness (low reflectivity = evil so lying low)
H = Halo absence
D = Distance/Drusen absence(overlying drusen a good sign and is
associated with a lower risk of malignant transformation) (Diameter >
4DD or 6mm) or close to optic nerve
**Thickness is most important indicator**
1.5 mm = 1DD
Treatment of Choroidal Nevus
1. Monitor and photograph
2. First follow up in 3 months, then every 1-12 mo depending on risk
level
What is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults?
Choroidal Melanoma
What are the most common sites of metastasis in Choroidal Melanoma?
Liver, lung, bone, skin and CNS (in that order)
If metastasizes, 15-45% mortality rate
Symptoms and Signs of Choroidal Melanoma
,3 | Page
Sympoms:
- Asymptomatic if in periphery
- Blur, metamorphopsia, VF loss, floaters and flashes of light if in
posterior pole
Signs:
- Dome shaped elevations w/ or w/o pigment
- Overlying yellow-orange lipofuscin
- Indistinct borders
- Associated serous retinal detachment
What are metastasize risks in Choroidal Melanoma?
- Increased thickness
- Involve ciliary body
- Close to optic nerve
- Exhibit growth
Treatment of Choroidal Melanoma
- Enucleation to prevent metastasis
- Oncologist for systemic evaluation
What is the most common intraocular malignancy in adults?
prognosis?
Choroidal Metastasis
Poor prognosis; Die within one year of diagnosis
most common site of primary tumor
, 4 | Page
*cancer spreads from body TO the eye*
Most common site of primary tumor:
- Women is the breast
- Men is the lung
Signs of Choroidal Metastasis
- Yellow-white elevated lesions with pigmented clumps
- Overlying serous RDs
Treatment of Choroidal Metastasis
- Oncologist with chemotherapy for underlying cancer
Choroideremia inheritance
onset
X-linked recessive inheritance (men are affected, women are carriers)
Show itself when pt is 20-30 -> Legal blindness by 50-60
Symptoms and Signs of Choroideremia
Symptoms: Night blindness (nyctalopia) and light sensitivity
(photophobia)
Signs: Peripheral atrophy of choriocapillaris reveals overlying choroidal
vessels -> Progression to the macula
Treatment of Choroideremia
