Principles of Development notes

-Describe the hierarchy of gene activity that regulates Drosophila segmentation -Distinguish and explain methods used to investigate protein vs mRNA expression -Describe the syncytial nature of the early stages of fly development and understand its significance. -Understand and describe at the molecular level how the Gap genes regulate the expression of Eve stripe 2 -Make predictions about segment polarity gene expression in a pair-rule mutant embryo or about pair-rule gene expression in a Gap m...

- Appreciate and describe the molecular mechanisms underlying neural induction - Describe TGF-beta (TGF-β) signal transduction and the differences between the BMP versus nodal pathways - Discuss the experiments that demonstrate a role for BMP antagonists in vertebrate neural induction - Describe how antisense morpholino oligos can be used to inhibit gene function - Appreciate and describe the differences between the processes of neural induction versus neurogenesis

- Identify the important signalling centres in the developing limb bud and describe the experiments that identified these centres and demonstrated their importance. - Describe the experimental evidence for the role of FGF signalling in limb bud outgrowth - Describe the experimental evidence that shows that Shh acts as a morphogen to pattern the anterior-posterior axis of the limb bud. - Describe how the important signalling centres in the limb bud co-ordinately regulate pattern formation in the ...

- Provide an overview of the polycomb and trithorax group complexes and their activities - Describe evidence that indicates stem cell chromatin is in an open ‘permissive’ state - Understand what is bivalent chromatin and why it may be important for stem cell biology and development - Understand the steps of chromatin immunoprecipitation and why it is a useful technique in epigenetic studies - Describe the Nodal signalling example and experimental approach, and understand how it illustrates ...

- Discuss the evidence for the nodal morphogen acting during mesoderm induction. - Discuss the concept of the vertebrate dorsal organiser. - Discuss the evidence that the brachyury transcription factor is a conserved regulator of germ layer specification. - Draw conclusions regarding the molecular pathways regulating development of Urbilateria.

- To give an overview of genomic imprinting, when it is initiated and how imprinting disorders can arise - Describe key events in X-inactivation including the role of the Xist non-coding RNA

- To have gained an understanding of why epigenetics is relevant to development - To understand that DNA methylation can impact gene expression and be able to describe an experimental approach to test this - To explain how patterns of DNA methylation can be maintained through DNA replication - To understand that covalent histone modifications form a code that can impact gene expression - To explain how some histone modifications can be maintained through DNA replication

- Discuss the evidence supporting a role for tinman homologues in heart development - Discuss the anatomical and molecular evidence supporting the theory of dorsoventral axis inversion during the evolution of protostome and deuterostome lineages. - Describe the conserved features of Hox gene cluster organisation. - Appreciate and discuss how changes in the expression and activity of Hox genes have contributed to changes in anatomy during animal evolution. - Draw conclusions regarding the molecul...

Test Bank For Principles of Development 6th Edition By Lewis Wolpert; Cheryll Tickle; Alfonso Martinez Arias 0569, 8 . 2993, X 1 History and basic concepts 2 Development of the Drosophila body plan 3 Vertebrate development I: life cycles and experimental techniques 4 Vertebrate development II: Xenopus and zebrafish 5 Vertebrate development III: chick and mouse—completing the body plan 6 Development of nematodes and sea urchins 7 Morphogenesis: change in form in the early e...