Study Notes, Summaries, Case Studies, Assignments, Exam Prep & Learning Resources

1. A patient with severe vomiting is at risk for which acid-base imbalance? A. Respiratory acidosis B. Respiratory alkalosis C. Metabolic alkalosis D. Metabolic acidosis Correct Answer: C Rationale: Vomiting leads to the loss of hydrochloric acid from the stomach, causing a metabolic alkalosis. ________________________________________ 2. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely to cause cardiac dysrhythmias? A. Hypernatremia B. Hypokalemia C. Hypocalcemia D. Hypermagnesemia Correc...

1. A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is receiving oxygen therapy. Which order should the nurse question? A. Oxygen at 2 L/min via nasal cannula B. Oxygen at 5 L/min via simple face mask C. Oxygen titrated to maintain SpO₂ above 90% D. Oxygen at 6 L/min via nasal cannula Correct Answer: D Rationale: Nasal cannulas should not exceed 6 L/min due to drying and limited effectiveness. In COPD, high oxygen levels can suppress respiratory drive, so the nurse should ques...

1. A nurse is performing morning care for a patient. Which activity is considered part of hygiene care? A. Administering medications B. Changing a surgical dressing C. Bathing and oral care D. Performing a focused physical assessment Correct Answer: C Rationale: Hygiene care includes bathing, oral care, hair care, nail care, and perineal care to maintain cleanliness and comfort. ________________________________________ 2. A nurse is providing perineal care for a female patient. What tech...

1. A nurse is caring for a patient who has been on bed rest for several days. Which finding indicates a complication of immobility? A. Decreased heart rate and increased respiratory rate B. Increased appetite and thirst C. Red, warm area on the calf D. Slight muscle soreness after turning Correct Answer: C Rationale: Redness and warmth in the calf may indicate deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a serious complication of immobility. ________________________________________ 2. Which intervention ...

1. A nurse is assessing a patient’s mobility. Which assessment is most appropriate to determine range of motion? A. Observing the patient’s gait B. Measuring muscle tone C. Asking the patient to perform joint movements D. Assessing the patient's balance with eyes closed Correct Answer: C Rationale: Asking the patient to perform specific joint movements allows the nurse to directly assess range of motion (ROM). ________________________________________ 2. Which statement by the nurs...

1. A nurse is caring for a patient who is newly diagnosed with cancer. The patient is quiet, withdrawn, and states, “I just don’t have the strength to fight this.” Which response by the nurse demonstrates effective support of the patient’s coping process? A. “You need to stay strong and fight through this.” B. “It’s normal to feel overwhelmed. Can you tell me more about what you’re experiencing?” C. “Try not to think negatively. Focus on the positives.” D. “You shou...

1. A nurse is caring for a terminally ill patient who says, “I’m not ready to die.” Which stage of grief is the patient most likely experiencing, according to Kübler-Ross? A) Denial B) Anger C) Bargaining D) Depression Answer: A Rationale: The denial stage involves difficulty accepting the reality of death. ________________________________________ 2. A family caregiver reports that their loved one has been withdrawn and quiet since receiving a terminal diagnosis. What is the nurse...

1. A nurse assesses a patient who expresses a loss of meaning in life and a sense of spiritual distress. What is the best initial nursing intervention? A) Ask the patient to define their beliefs and what gives them purpose B) Offer to contact a chaplain immediately C) Encourage the patient to rest and avoid deep thought D) Suggest focusing on positive thoughts only Answer: A Rationale: Understanding the patient's unique spiritual beliefs and sources of meaning is foundational to individ...

1. A nurse is educating a group of adolescents about sexual health. Which topic is most important to include to promote safe practices? A) Reproductive anatomy B) Contraceptive options and STI prevention C) Stages of fetal development D) Common myths about sexuality Answer: B Rationale: Safe sexual practices, including contraception and STI prevention, are crucial for adolescent education. ________________________________________ 2. Which term best describes an individual’s self-identi...

1. A nurse is assessing a patient’s self-concept. Which behavior most clearly indicates a disturbed self-concept? A) Expressing confidence in recovery B) Asking for support from family C) Refusing to look in a mirror after surgery D) Requesting pain medication regularly Answer: C Rationale: Refusing to look in the mirror may indicate altered body image and disturbed self-concept related to recent physical changes. ________________________________________ 2. Which component of self-conc...